That's a good point. In order to read lips or words, one must first learn English (or whatever language). The profoundly deaf don't speak English or any language, because they can't hear any language. I would imagine that in order to learn to read English, they would first have to learn ASL or other bona fide sign language (as opposed to ESL), then learn to read English. It would be much less effective the other way around, if it would work at all. English is composed of something like 50-60% of "filler words" like the, a, do, to, etc. as well as redundancy in tenses and the like which don't translate into ASL. Hearing children who learn ASL from birth from living with deaf parents use more of their brain than children hearing only one language, since they pick up the spoken language that surrounds them along with the sign language. Carol Kirschenbaum <carolkir@xxxxxxxx> wrote: A note on ASL: Learning how to read any language is difficult, apparently, if one relies on ASL, or some other signing language, to the exclusion of lip-reading (oralism). ASL is more of an affective than a cognitive language; it's closer to a "whole language" than one with Indo-European roots. (Ever watch a translating signer carefully? It's not unlike miming, or acting.) But without the automatic subject-verb-object connection, reading is a bear. Carol ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html --------------------------------- Sneak preview the all-new Yahoo.com. It's not radically different. Just radically better.