Yes, human beings embrace and perpetuate warfare. Human beings CREATE the ideologies and social institutions that are the causes of = war. Reality is a social construction. It is human beings who construct = social reality, based on their own needs, desires, anxieties and wishes. The "love of warfare" revolves around our attachment to and willingness to die for sacred ideals. What does it mean to say that it = is "beautiful and proper to die for one's country?" Well, you can say that nations "blundered" into the First World War as a result of political alliances, but what kept it going? Why did the leaders of nations continue to ask men to get out of trenches and to run into machine-gun fire? At least some leaders did think it was a wonderful, beautiful thing. Here is what the prominent writer and nationalist Maurice Barres had to = say, extoling the virtue of French soldiers dying on a daily basis: "Nothing more beautiful yet more difficult to understand than these = boys, today cold in their graves, who gave themselves for France. With all the strength of their young lives they urged preparedness; they foresaw that this would be their own downfall, yet joyously they rushed to meet it." And here are the words of P. H. Pearse, founder of the Irish = revolutionary movement, upon observing the daily carnage in France: "The last sixteenth months have been the most glorious in the history of Europe. Heroism has come back to the earth. It is good for the world = that such things should be done. The old heart of the earth needed to be = warmed with the red wine of the battlefield. Such august homage was never = before offered to God as this, the homage of millions of lives given gladly for love of country." Some human beings love war because they find the willingness to sacrifice heroic. We are willing to die and kill because we want to demonstrate our love, to prove that we are devoted to our sacred ideals. Warfare represents a vehicle for proving the depth of our love. With regards, Richard Koenigsberg, Ph. D. Library of Social Science Website for RICHARD KOENIGSBERG http://home.earthlink.net/~libraryofsocialscience/ Website for THE KOENIGSBERG LECTURES ON THE PSYCHOLOGY OF CULTURE AND HISTORY http://www.conflictaslesson.com/why_main.html ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html