> The fourth, _Little Gidding_, and it goes: > > 'History is now and England' > > And Eliot clearly means something different, if not the opposite, of > what the original poster wrote. Means something different? What does it mean? You do not say. I'm not sure it means anything. Is it even grammatical? I've been marked down for things of greater clarity. Has Poor Tom perhaps left out a few crucial words - perhaps he means 'History is now over' [shades of Fukayama] or 'is now on the ordinary-level syllabus in Ireland and England'? Or perhaps someone mistranscribed Eliot's New England accent from the dictaphone tapes he sent his publisher - he was saying 'His tree is now in England'? Maybe he is still toying with the 'all time is eternally present' idea introduced in the first qt., We Burnt Graham Norton ('And Norton said/As the flames licked him dead/'Turn me over/Turn me over/I'm done on this side'). Perhaps. But then still what does it mean? Does it mean: 'History is now and history is England?' History may be happening now (in a sense) or being made now; but can it _be_ now? Can it? Maybe. But it surely cannot be _England_? This is a category mistake, like saying 'Physics is past and Germany' or 'Computer science is future and Silicon Valley'. Sounds good but means jack. No, no, no. I'm afraid the argument that Old Tom meant something different, nay opposite, depends on making clear the meaning of what he said. And this your post fails to do. > 'We shall not cease from exploration > And the end of all our exploring > Will be to arrive where we started > And know the place for the first time.' Nice lines. '2001' is based on this. But, as my teachers were overfond of asking me, what is the relevance? Plus it's a no-hoper in commonsense terms -when I return to a place I've been before I have knowledge of it for a second time, even if my mind has been erased with a big mental rubber and I am unaware of my first visit. Donal Send instant messages to your online friends http://uk.messenger.yahoo.com ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html