In a message dated 5/6/2009 7:13:32 P.M. Eastern Daylight Time, donalmcevoyuk@xxxxxxxxxxx writes: it's humorous ... That Wittgenstein may have taken this as a personal insult of some kind is of course possible. It may also be that Wittgenstein had a disdainful view of Popper's intellect and found the whole fiasco tested his patience beyond endurance). ---- I see. There are two defenses here. One for Popper, one for Witters. For Popper. I grant it _is_ difficult, out of the blue, to provide an example of this or that. I think Bertie is to blame here. If the question did include anything like the report: "his now famous response to Chairman Russell's request for an example of moral rule under the heading of ethics." Shouldn't that be "an example of _a_ moral rule..."? Also I find the repetition of 'moral' and 'ethics' otiose. In Russell's defence, the tone mattered. D. S. M. Wilson (who studied under Grice) calls this 'pretense 'scare quote' ironic tone': Bertie: And what would _be_, in your opinion, a, as you call them _moral rule_ under the 'heading' of, as you call it, ethics? I suppose Sir Karl just came up with what he had in view: a poker-attacker. Mind, possibly those profs laughed. A lot of teachers _work_ for the laughs. So, Witters could possibly have felt _doubly_ insulted by the Popper fiasco in providing a more thought-out example, and the fact that he was being made the laughing stock of people. Perhaps he was expecting something like: "Sodomy is not a bad thing after all, in the proper setting". etc. ------ Popper and Witters were thinking of 'regeln' (rules) but 'moral rule' is an oxymoron in English. There are no rules of the moral game. It's not a game. Note that however specific, Popper's example was _too_ specific. It is not addressed to rational agents (per se) but 'members of the class of people who feel at home in Room H-3, with a poker'. As I said earlier, 'threaten' is not a verb that may play a role in a 'moral rule'. It's _hate_ speech, or at most. A threat has to be an act. If he was _insinuating_ that someone in the room (holding a poker) was being _threatening_ it _is_ an insult, and no rule of the 'moral game' is going to 'tone down' the agitation. "You don't threaten people like that". Were they thinking Witters was a _boy_ that needed reprimanding? Now, if the 'moral' rule wants to be given some sense, suppose I organise a party in H-3, and the visiting lecturer is a homophobic racist pig chauvinist of a water-board torturer'. Is 'threaten' _always_ wrong? I can imagine someone saying: "You've just unloaded the biggest load of crap I heard and you're not going to get away with murder. I threaten more insidious actions unless you shut up _NOW_." Cheers, JLS **************Remember Mom this Mother's Day! Find a florist near you now. (http://yellowpages.aol.com/search?query=florist&ncid=emlcntusyelp00000006) ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html