Walter O. wrote: "As an independent topic, I am intrigued by the notion of an 'emotional moral approach.' 'Morality,' I would have thought, concerns the obligations we have to others and ourselves in virtue of being rationally autonomous agents. Affective factors would seem to be irrelevant to such obligations or to the form of reasoning we require of ourselves and others when engaged in moral deliberation and judgement." My suggestion, as Walter already knows, is that moral deliberation and judgement require the input of emotional intuitions as grist for the mill. Without these emotional intuitions, the wheels of moral deliberation spin wildly and uselessly. This is not at all to lessen the importance of moral deliberation. Emotional intuitions are not moral. When they are confused with morality, one finds the category mistake of confusing what ought to be done in the world with one's reactions to that world. Instead, moral deliberation works most effectively when there is careful consideration of the various emotional intuitions interested parties bring to the discussion. What people agree ought to be done is not dependent on any particular affective factor, but such an agreement is not possible without those factors. Sincerely, Phil Enns Yogyakarta, Indonesia ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html