I've concluded that Mike is very an aberrant Platonist. There is an abstract form called "War," but Mike doesn't merely want to understand it as a real Platonist might. He wants to put a stop to it. Wait, I told him. "War" is an abstract entity, if it is an entity at all, and you don't have direct access to it. You can affect, if you have the power, this war or that one but not the form War. But Mike was too full of his vision and continued on as though I had said nothing: "The problem is war itself. War is the number one problem facing humankind. It is the scourge, the plague, the EVIL. WAR is the problem. We must solve THAT problem. NO MORE WAR. Get it? The way to solve that problem is to stop the fucking WARS. How? By stopping. Stop the military. Stop the fucking politicians who support war. Get it? Stop the execrable manufacturers of munitions. Stop the whole goddam war industry. Get it? Stop telling young boys it's honorable to kill and die for the economic benefit of rich fucks. Get it? Stop erecting statues to mass murderers. Get it? Stop glorifying mass murder. Get it? Stop it. Stop it. Start marketing compromise as the most honorable course. Get it? Start telling the truth about our agenda, let the people decided if their sons are daughters are worth sacrificing to that god. That's the first part of my solution. You're not ready for the rest, not by a long shot. Work on what I've told you so far and we'll talk more later." Mike posted this at 1;40 AM Sunday, and I don't know whether this is San Jacinto or Memphis time, so he may have been well into his cups, but I can sympathize. I've ranted on and on about people saying stupid things. They go on and on stupidly and I say. Look. Here's an expert on this subject. Look. Here's his book. Get it! But they don't. They just go on stupidly as before. While Mike is sobering up, we might ask if there is any practical value to anything Mike said in his rant? Not that I can see. If one were to engage in his program one would be engaging in unilateral disarmament. No one who proposed such a suicidal approach to foreign affairs would be allowed anywhere near the presidency - at least I hope they wouldn't. But actually, we do have some evidence that Mike's approach was approached. After World War One the French and British weren't interested in any more war and did nothing to prepare for seriously for another. So Hitler looked about him and saw chickens for the picking. Britain, France & the U.S. used a modified Mike approach. We were the most extreme in throwing away our weapons. Did the Japanese say, look at those nice Americans, disarming themselves? Let's be nice to them? No, that isn't what they said. They said, quick. Let's attack them before they come to their senses. No, the Geary-Platonic form War is not directly accessible, but if we would abandon our stupidity and read about the wars of the past we might be able to eliminate or abbreviate some future wars. In many cases the best way to stop a big war is to nip it in the bud with a little one. We saw this in the case of the Peloponnesian War. Had the Athenians taken action early on they could have deterred the Spartans from their adventure. Thousands could have been saved and Greece would not have been destroyed as a civilization . . . or taken down a peg as JL says. Maybe we should merely say that thousands of lives could have been saved and perhaps Philip wouldn't have been encouraged by all those weakened Greek chickens to rush down and pluck them. That is also true of our war with Japan. Were the Japanese impressed that we were so weak militarily? Not at all. Look at those weak foolish American chickens they said. Let's go pluck them. And what about the war I was in, the Korean War. Did it help that we hadn't really tooled up to fight any more wars after WWII? Not at all. Kim Il-Sung looked about him at the weakness of the chickens confronting him and said to himself. I'm going to go pluck them. Actually he checked with Stalin first but Stalin okayed the plucking. No, no, no, Geary may very well say after he sobers up this morning - or even if he doesn't. Geary may not want to dirty his hands with preventing this war or lessening that one. He may want to go directly to the big Kahuna, the abstract Geary-Platonic form War itself. Well when you Get your hands on it (Get it?) let us know. In another note, Robert mistakes my concern and writes "I don't see how it can be argued that they [Alcibiades' enemies] were responsible for the Sicilian debacle. The Sicilian Expedition was entirely Alcibiades' show. He argued for it, he argued for his being the leader, and his rhetoric won." But of course that wasn't my concern. The reasons why it was agreed that it would be a good thing to defeat Syracuse is shrouded in mystery. I forget whether it was Hanson or Kagan who thought that the only idea that made any sense was that Sparta got much of its food from Syracuse and by cutting off that supply it might cut off some of Sparta's appetite for war. But I was never talking about the origin of the war with Syracuse. I was talking about the campaign. Athens put troops in the field. They had a good commander in Alcibiades, but politicians back in Athens undermined him for political reasons. Had Athens defeated Syracuse, which they probably would have done had they left Alcibiades in charge, they might very well have accomplished their goal. They probably would have defeated Syracuse. But because the campaign was undermined by politicians, Alcibiades was chased off and Nicias proceeded on to defeat and death - and not just his death. And in regard to Iraq, once again I was not talking about the origins of the Iraq war. I spoke of having a campaign in progress and of that campaign being undermined by politicians for political reasons. Perhaps these politicians don't think we have very much at stake. What difference does it make if the U.S. is defeated in Iraq and the Islamists become victorious? Perhaps the Athenian politicians said something similar to each other. What difference does it make if we lose at Syracuse? It is way off there anyway and has nothing to do with us. Except the Athenians, if they reasoned in that manner, were wrong. The defeat at Syracuse resulted in the ultimate defeat of Athens itself. The Spartans were capable of being demoralized. A victory pepped them up and a loss depressed them. A loss at Syracuse would have depressed them, but since they won, especially since they got in on the tail end of that war and administered the coup de grace, they were elated. The Athenians on the other hand were devastated and not just militarily. The loss at Syracuse took the heart right out of them. Lawrence Helm San Jacinto