You have captured Fukuyama's point in your last paragraph, and that is why he abandoned the Neocons. Fukuyama argued with Hegel and Kojeve that after the Battle of Jena in 1806 there was no viable competitor to Liberal Democracy. Since then the nations have been in the process of perfecting their Liberal Democracy on their own. Some of the Neocons, Krauthammer for example, argued that we should do what we could to hasten the process; which if we actually engaged in that attempt for its own sake would be something like what Lenin did with Marx's theories. Fukuyama very much disapproves of doing that. Islam as we know of it today wouldn't fit Fukuyama's paradigm. The working out of Liberal Democracy since 1806 had to do with obtaining more and more freedom. It is this ultimate perfect freedom that will be the perfection of the end of history. There is nothing comparable in Islam. Lawrence -----Original Message----- From: lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Omar Kusturica Sent: Thursday, April 20, 2006 10:58 PM To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [lit-ideas] Re: Liberal Democracy as an inevitability I thought the point was pretty clear, if all states were Islamic states then they would "reciprocally recognize one another's legitimacy" and would then have much less occasion to go to war against another. History does support that thesis because traditionally Muslim states seldom went to war against one another. Saddam Hussein did go to war against Iran and Kuwait, but Saddam's regime was secular nationalist not Islamic, as I believe you are aware. Of course, I am not advocating a global Islamic caliphate, I am making a point that the plans to impose a single political system on the whole world are hegemonic. O.K. --- Lawrence Helm <lawrencehelm@xxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: > Omar, > > > > You can't be saying the Islamic States as they exist > in the Middle East > "have much less incentive for war," because history > doesn't support that > thesis. The Islamists, Nationalists, Pan Arabists, > Baathists, Socialists, > secularists, etc have found ample incentives for war > in modern history. > Liberal Democracies emphasize pluralism: you can > believe what you like and > we won't fight over it. But that hasn't been the > case in the Middle East. > So what do you mean? > > > > Lawrence >