J.L. Speranza wrote: "Enns similarly made the remark that truth is a precondition of language. I disagree: TRUST is a precondition of appropriate conversational moves. The category Grice calls, ironically, QUALITY." I am not sure how to understand trust without some reference to truth, but my comments were directed at the relationship between meaning and truth. That is, to understand what a sentence means, one has to understand the conditions under which it would satisfy the relevant truth conditions. For the request, 'Pick up the red apple', to be meaningful to me, I need to understand the conditions under which the sentence, 'This is a red apple', is true. Conversely, I know what a red apple is when I use sentences about red apples in meaningful ways, for example, when I say, 'I brought you a red apple', and I show you a red apple. Meaning and truth are not identical but it seems to me that it is not possible to have one without the other. One cannot have meaningful language use without an awareness of what is true of the world, and one cannot have knowledge of the world without meaningful language use. Sincerely, Phil Enns ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html