Or not. In a message dated 9/29/2013 8:05:27 A.M. Eastern Daylight Time, donalmcevoyuk@xxxxxxxxxxx writes: "..."It is raining or not" adds nothing except to introduce that the "it" (in "What shall we do if it..") ... in John's exchange, merely a way of introducing the "it" of his questions..." This actually reminds me of Strawson and Al Jolson. In his "Introduction to Logical theory" Strawson wonders what the 'it' refers to in "It's raining". In "April Showers", quoting from the lyricists, Jolson notes that the 'it' refers, contigentially, to 'the rain', but there are scenarios where this may change: Life is not a highway strewn with flowers, Still it holds a goodly share of bliss, When the sun gives way to April showers, Here is the point you should never miss. Though April showers may come your way, They bring the flowers that bloom in May. So if it's raining, have no regrets, Because --> it isn't raining rain, you know, (It's raining violets,) And where you see clouds upon the hills, You soon will see crowds of daffodils, So keep on looking for a blue bird, And list'ning for his song, Whenever April showers come along. -- Note the line: It isn't raining rain, you know; it's raining violets. During the depression a more monetary approach was taken: -- A long time ago, a million years B.C. The best things in life were absolutely free But no one appreciated a sky that was always blue And no one congratulated, moon that was always new So it was planned that they would vanish now and then And you must pay before you get them back again That's what storms were made for But you shouldn't be afraid for Every time it rains ----> It rains pennies from heaven Don't you know each cloud Contains pennies from heaven You'll find your fortune's falling all over town Make sure that your umbrella is upside down Trade them for a package of sunshine and flowers 'Cause if you want the things you love, you must have showers So if you hear it thunder, don't run under a tree There'll be pennies from heaven for you and me So if you hear it thunder, don't run under a tree There'll be pennies from heaven for you and me There'll be pennies from heaven for you and me --- In brief, the two climbers may need an expansion: McEvoy: "This is clear enough if we imagine how mad, or nonsensical, it would be if one of the climbers were to reply after "- What shall we do if it is raining? What shall we do if it is not raining?" by saying "Hold on - haven't you skipped something important? That "It is raining or not"?" In fact, something even more important may have been skipped: "Raining what? Rain? Violets? Pennies, ... or what?" According to Greek mythology, the rain was the liquid product of their god Zeus, via his messenger Ouranous (cognate with English 'urine' and Sanskrit, "varsa", rain) (Proto-Greek form *(F)orsanόj (worsanos) derived from the noun *(F)orsό (worso, Sanskrit: varsa "rain" ). The relative Proto-Indo-European language root is *ers "to moisten, to drip" (Sanskrit: varsati "to rain")). It may be argued that Strawson's question: "It rains (what is "it"?)" in Introduction to Logical Theory does not get answered by Jolson "It's raining rain? It's raining violets?" or Bing Crosby ("it rains pennies") -- The climbers may need to clarify the reference assignment then for both the subject-position ('it') and the object-position (raining _what_). They may want to disimplicate that it's not pouring, too. Cheers, Speranza ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html