Civilization as we know it could not have developed without the dog. Moving from a hunter-gatherer society to a fixed society in which animals were herded required the dog to do the protecting and much of the herding. It would not have been possible for man to do this by himself and have it be an improvement over hunting and gathering. There is also evidence that man and dog developed symbiotically. Mitochondrial DNA research places Mitochondrial Eve in the same time frame as Mitochondrial Ginger. For most of man's existence the dog went with him to hunt game while other dogs stayed back to protect the women, children and old people. Psychologists tell us that today we will feel better and live longer if we are in a relationship with a dog. The same thing is true of dogs. They are happiest if they are in a relationship with people. Perhaps my regular treks (when the weather is cool enough) to the local dry river with my Rhodesian Ridgebacks (who don't happen to be Rottweilers) Ginger and Sage is something like the Hunting-gathering activity of our ancestors. Homo Sapiens and Canis Familiaris originated roughly 200,000 years ago. Man and dog took up the herding of animals about 12,000 years ago. Which means that for approximately 188,000 years man and dog spent their days much as the girls and I do, but hunting and gathering, not just walking for pleasure and exercise. One of the most important things humans and dogs can do today is encourage each other in the sort of exercise that kept them fit for about 188,000 years. We can live longer than our ancestors if we count only years, but if we focus on the number of fit-years, I wonder if we would measure up. But even if we would, why not live longer and be fit longer? Why not have a dog -- perhaps two or three? Lawrence ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html