JL, Actually, there is a way to “know” that a dog is “pure bred.” Various breeders and some owners are obtaining genetic information about their dogs nowadays. Quite a lot is known about the canine genome. One of the reasons for seeking this information is to check on, and either avoid or prevent the passing on of genetic disease. But I recall reference to one lady (on a Cesar Milan program) obtaining genetic information of a mixed breed dog that had in its adulthood become aggressive. One of the mixes was Akita, which wasn’t evident by looking at the dog. I don’t recall the “markers” that distinguish the various breeds but presumably the experts who are making money doing DNA tests for dog fanciers do. And no, I have no proof that the dog I saw at a distance was a purebred Boxer, but if it were mixed-breed, why would someone go to the trouble of docking the tail? This is a normal procedure for several breeds and they do it when the pup is young; so while it is possible, I would be surprised if this dog I saw wasn’t pure-bred; which doesn’t say a huge amount. “Back yard breeders” produce pure-bred dogs. And down at the river there aren’t any nearby houses to inquire at. North of the river is a finger from of the San Jacinto Mountains. A couple of miles up the river, to the North is the Soboba Indian Reservation. South of the River are various enterprises: something that has squared off large areas for water. I recall hearing this is some sort of “reclamation project.” At one time I saw a worker with a couple of dogs, but usually no one is there. At another place is a huge nursery enterprise. People who are probably migrant farm workers from Mexico or further south work on it. None of them that I have seen has a dog. East of the nursery a mile or so is an old property where the owner has a couple of dogs, and years ago these dogs barked at us from a distance, but he kept his dogs at his property. The nearest housing community is perhaps a mile south of the river. It is a gated upscale trailer park for retired people. Typically such people are allowed only small dogs weighing 35 pounds or less. Beyond that is a tract of houses, and while there is nothing to prevent a dog from making its way from that community north to the River, I can’t imagine what its incentive would be. In the past I have seen evidence that people who decide to abandon their dogs, sometimes do that at the river. Our local animal shelter will destroy an animal in a week or two if it looks as though it can’t be placed and there is no evidence that anyone is looking for it. People who leave animals at the river may be assuaging their consciences with the hope that someone came down and rescued them, or that they learned to live happily with a pack of feral dogs. Others find a likely looking neighborhood and abandon their dogs there. We have four such dogs since we’ve lived in San Jacinto. We didn’t keep any of them, but we did find homes for them. It is difficult, but possible. I suspect though that had the old dog I referred to followed me back to the Jeep, I would not have been able to find a home for it. As to my ambivalence about the use of the term “feral,” as you can see from the above, I cannot be sure how long a given dog has been at the river. The dogs I saw may have been there only a short time. My girls and I have been going to the river quite a lot recently and have never seen those two dogs before. This could mean that they came west from the Indian Reservation, or it could mean that they came East or North from mountainous regions, but it could mean that they were recently abandoned there. I have seen dogs down there running in packs who were as skittish of us as a pack of coyotes, but the dogs we saw yesterday, especially the older one, didn’t behave in that way. I most often use the term “feral” to refer to dogs we see down there, but I don’t know how feral anymore than I know how purebred. Lawrence -----Original Message----- From: lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Jlsperanza@xxxxxxx Sent: Thursday, February 26, 2009 4:08 AM To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [lit-ideas] Re: Feral Dogs at the River Lawrence Helm shares with the list an interesting story. Some running comments: >I expected Ginger to especially appreciate the coolness. Exactly -- what is it with coolness. Whenever I'm out on a very cool day I think of Orwell at St. Cyprian: Spartanity of it all. But then the Spartans never suffered from too cool a weather did they? >we saw two dogs, one of which was a Boxer. From its docked tail and appearance I assumed it to be pure bred. That's an interesting philosophical question -- for the epistemologist. I wonder, and would ask R. Paul this, how can we _prove_ if a dog is purebred. The silly folks at the A. K. A. just ask for the 'papers' -- so, I assume there is _no_ way to know, genetically or genomically, whether the thing is a thoroughbred or not, right. Liza Minnelli used to proudly display: "Artist? I'm a thoroughbred". >The feral dogs, if that�s what they were, seemed to be guarding something. It's interesting to analyse a bit this interesting adjective, 'feral' cfr. N. Smith and his book on 'savage sauvant'. The online Latin Short/Lewis has it: ferus. Cognate with Greek th�r, Aeolian dialect ph�r; also with Lat. ferox, etc.; v. ferio]. So we have 'ferocity' as related. Oddly, Grice was sometimes concerned about homophones, and in Latin it seems 'feralis' is _only_ used for 'funerary rite'. A true homophone in Engilsh, now. The she-wolf that suckled Romulus for example is described as "Romulea fera" by Juvenal 11, 104. who belongs to the same ordo of dogs (?) and she was found by the river, too -- and guarding none other than the memorable couple of babies. But, well, some say it's metonymic for 'prostitute' (cfr. 'lupanare', italian for brothel) Under 'ferio', the Short Lewis gives: "perhaps cognate with Sanscr. dhur-, injure, destroy. Cognate with Lat. ferus, ferox; Gr. th�r; Aeol. ph�r; cf. Gr. thourios, impetuous, thorein, to leap; and Lat. furere, furia, etc.]. I like the cognateness with 'fury', though. Helm continues: >The feral dogs ran a few steps toward us and barked threateningly. "We kept moving forward. I yelled, �is anyone there? Are you okay?� No one answered. "What they had been guarding, or at least interested in, was a dead animal.[coyote]" "I probably won�t learn the solution to that feral-dog mystery." Nor will your readers, I guess. :( _Very strange_. I guess you could investigate if someone in the neighbourhood had recently or not so recently lost his boxer. Such a good breed. Oddly, if you use 'feral' now you are using it in the second homophone sense, too: So it's like the feral of the feral: feral: From the Latin feralis: pertaining to the dead.] The pun wouldn't do in Latin for the -al of 'feral' (qua wild) is later than the -al of 'feral' (qua funerary). Very good story. My other favourite of ferals guarding, if that's what it is from Disney, "The Jungle Books" -- Mowgli. Although in both Lupa and Mowgli they were guarding something 'alive', as it were. As for dogs guarding the dead, my favourite has to go to Landseer's two paintings: the Sheperd's grave and the shepherd's coffin -- not ferals at all, so should not count. A good chapter I was recently reading about ferality is the "Fox" chapter in Little Prince. It describes so well what it means to be a feral. It's online, of course. And it also echoes on the 'ferality', if that's what it is, of "Into the Wild" the recent film directed by S. Penn _apres_ a bestseller (posthumous) by a would-be savage savant. I especially hated the ending: to be killed by a poisonous mushroom. Very bitter in the ultimate message. But that's Sean Penn for ya! Cheers, JL Speranza