In a message dated 6/29/2011 7:59:18 P.M. ], jejunejesuit.geary2@xxxxxxxxx writes: Cats are killers This to contradict Wittgenstein who asks: Was ist der natürliche Ausdruck einer Absicht? Wittgenstein does not answer the question directly but by way of implicature: Sieh eine Katze an, wenn sie sich an einen Vogel heranschleicht; oder ein Tser, wenn es entfliehen will. ----- So, the idea, for us who know German, is that a cat, when stalking ('heranschleichen') a bird ('fowl', strictly -- 'vogel') constitutes a 'natural expression' of an 'intention'. I would not think 'Absicht' translates "intention" directly --. There are possibly alternate translations at play here, by Anscombe, the original, and by P. M. S. Hacker -- who has now retired as Tutorial Fellow at St. John's, Oxford -- the post held by Grice for YEARS. --- But it _is_ getting there. Thanks to R. Paul for the quote. If Geary and Stone are right, the cat stalks the bird but the cat is not a killer. So, how do we analyse the 'natural expression' of the intention. It has been said that a pet cat who kills a mouse, since she is not hungry, only does it _for play_ ('a form of life', a 'language game'). And so on. By the same token, if we examine Lord Huntington as he stalks a 'fowl' in his hunting estate, is that the natural expression of an intention. Intention to do what? Oftentimes, the cook would say, "Fowl again? We had that yesterday? I was thinking of having caviar and fish today." Once the fowl was killed the fowl had to be eaten or at least embalmed, and so on. A beast trying to escape is perhaps an easier scenario. The problem is that they seldom know where to go, as my darling goldfish in the bowl. ---- I'm not sure if the Wittgensteinan word for 'beast' translates, cognately, to English, or other languages (Indo-European). --- Thanks to Phatic for lovely poem, "Cats sleep anywhere", and to V. Calley for comparison with dogs. Cheers, Speranza ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html