Irene: You are making assumptions similar to those of Harold Pinter, namely that the U.S. is implacable and inexorable. We are somehow single-minded and do not change. I don't know how you can hold this view. I have studied political history and foreign affairs for a long time and there is no single-mindedness in American politics. The only thing you can count on is that nothing can be counted on. Our policies during the Cold War are not our present polices. The idea of spreading Democracy began (in recent times perhaps) with Bill Clinton in the Balkans. I recall one of Bush Jrs planks opposed this Clintonian predilection: We will not engage in nation building, Bush Jr promised. It is clear (to some of us - not Harold Pinter) that Bush Jr had no intention of spreading Democracy to Afghanistan and Iraq when he took office. But after the 9/11 attack, new policy was needed. If we were going to depose regimes in Afghanistan and Iraq (deemed necessary in our war against Terror), what were we going to replace them with? I can recall reading fairly persuasive arguments that we ought to replace them with benign dictatorships. But Bush is truer to our Liberal-Democratic tradition in replacing them with democracies. Will the democracies in Afghanistan and Iraq succeed? They are not failing as quickly as Bush's detractors predicted, but it is too soon to tell. I think we should do everything in our power to facilitate success, but beyond that, it is too soon to tell. It took many years for Japan to become a successful democracy. Perhaps it will take as long in Iraq. I don't think much of the argument that Iraqis and Afghans aren't suited to Democracy and freedom. As someone pointed out to me off line, this argument is very like the one used against freeing the slaves in the South. Lawrence _____ From: lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Andy Amago Sent: Saturday, January 21, 2006 2:06 PM To: lit-ideas Subject: [lit-ideas] FW: Re: Blind Leading the Not-so Blind You might try reading A Continent for the Taking, Howard W. French. The book is on Africa and how the U.S. not only doesn't give a hoot about democracy there, but we actually *support* strong arm thug dictators as long as they deliver the goods. He's writing specifically about Africa, however, Saddam was our puppet until he stopped delivering; likewise the Shah was our puppet. This baloney called spreading democracy in Iraq is just a conjuring up of boogie men to make excuses for our thuggery. I'll admit there might be something to Islamism, but they're a problem only if we're weak and holding out our hats looking for loans to keep up afloat. We are our enemy, Lawrence, not Islamism. If we spent the tiniest fraction on shoring up ourselves, the Islamists wouldn't stand a chance. Instead we empower bogey men. I might remind you that China doesn't have a problem buddying up to Africa and South America and their oil.