Mike Geary wrote: "So the distinction in today's verbiage might be more meaningfully translated as 'officially' and 'personally'?" The danger with using 'personally' is the implication that what is said applies only to the speaker. In this case, the reasoning is constrained by the preferences and prejudices of the individual, and so not free, and therefore an instance of private reasoning. What I failed to emphasize in my earlier comments is that public reasoning, because it occurs under the condition of freedom, is available to anyone. Now, in my case, my personal preferences and prejudices have a universal quality, but this does not seem to be the case with anyone else. For everyone else, what is 'personal' is that which has authority only for that individual. For this reason, 'personally' probably wouldn't be the right translation. Mike: "Now what I want to know is: How come some people just don't catch on?" Cue discussion of the Euthyphro. Sincerely, Phil Enns Glen Haven, NS ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html