Lawrence, Thanks for the explanation. As to which scenario is more credible: I'd start with the fact that there has been violent and marginalized young men in all societies, including European ones, for as long as anyone can remember and there will be in the future. We can live with that. Then again, said groups become a serious threat if they are organized and have lot of members. It is organizing that makes both Islamic and far right extremists scarier than your average jobless loudmouth who hates everything, including himself. Still, the very decentralization that allows the organizations to exist without being spotted and stopped by the authorities is also a weakness. That structure limits their ability to act collectively, for example terrorists can at best mobilize dozens of people for an attack. If they try anything bigger, it will inevitably not stay under cover. Ability to keep secrets drops rapidly with the amount of people supposed to keep them, as intelligence organizations know. More importantly, the numbers just don't back the assertion that various extremists are a threat to European civilization as we know it. It is impossible to determine the amount of people potentially involved, but any reasonable estimate is very low. For example, I don't see the danger of some extremist group getting enough votes to have real power, and when they do get elected they tend to mellow down pretty rapidly (see Austria for a recent example). Governing does that, see also GOP. As to what needs to be done, the local Muslim community over here has some pretty good ideas. The increasingly not-so-silent majority of the Muslims is fed up with being represented by the Imams, often the most conservative found. As one Finnish Muslim put it: "If you want to know how average Finn views sexuality, do you go and ask a Lutheran priest?" The concerns of the community are racism, jobs and language courses on top of stuff that concerns Finns in general, depravity of the West is just not on the agenda. It is very tempting for political leaders to have someone to call to when they need to "reach the Muslim community", nice photo-op at a local Mosque and all. It is also profoundly silly. Another thing that I blame on the politicians: After the Madrid and London attacks there was lot of talk about pan-European co-operation between security agencies. It is better than it used to be, but still nowhere as good as it should be. Trust is the key issue, and this is something the leaders could build. Instead we get useless PR stunts like bio-id passports. In general, asked "What is your vision of a "secure" world?" Bruce Schneier replied: "One without people. That is, one that will never exist. Life is insecurity, and the sooner we get used to that, the better." Cheers, Teemu Helsinki, Finland __________________________________________________ Do You Yahoo!? Tired of spam? Yahoo! Mail has the best spam protection around http://mail.yahoo.com ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html