In a message dated 4/26/2011 1:18:26 P.M. , lawrencehelm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx writes: http://www.lawrencehelm.com/2011/04/england-good-at-incorporating.html Lawrence For the record L. K. Helm is quoting from B. King, "The Oxford English Literary History", Section, 'The Internationalization of English Literature'. Page 1: “During the second half of the twentieth century the literature of England went through a major change... Unlike previous period changes this one had its basis in a large influx of peoples from elsewhere. ... If the nation seemed to be withdrawing into a "little England" [scare quotes mine. JLS] of post-imperial dreariness and irritation, having a diminished relationship to Europe and the United States, or fragmenting into micro-nationalisms, the new immigrants made English literature international in other ways than it had been during the Empire." --- interesting here to consider, then, "LITTLE England" versus "GREAT Britain". I once read that "Great", in "Great Britain", and I actually believe this, the sailor in me, is due to a sailor's chart: there are two Britains, or two British Isles: Britannia Maiora -- ("Great" or "Major" Britain) and "Britannia Minora", or Minor England, or Hibernia, or Ireland. This survives in the official name of the country (never 'nation'?): "The Queen of Great Britain and Northern Ireland" -- this expression seems to ENTAIL, rather than 'implicate' that Northern Ireland is not part of "Great Britain" -- since it's a bit of the OTHER island. Surely someone born in County Antrim can call herself a "Brit", as she is, because it's part of "minor" Britain. As student of history, and teacher of history, D. Ritchie, born north of the Tweed, etc., may perhaps expand on the very specific dating of the creation of "Britain" qua Empire, when, the last "King" or Queen of England became King or Queen of the "Union" of England-cum-Scotland. J. Evans, b. Bath, but with connections with Wales can even perhaps expand on a perhaps EARLIER 'assimilation' between the Dragon of St. Davis of Cymru (which does not, alas, feature in the _flag_ of "Great Britain" as the Cross of St. Andrew or the Cross of St. Patrick, do, along with England's St. George) and England. Again, with monarchical matters, "You will have a king that does not speak Welsh" -- Edward I and II -- Edward II being too young to speak either Welsh or English for that matter. And so on. So, I find the emergence of historical facts so rich and glorious in good Old England to just focus on what happened post the Coronation of Queen Elizabeth II --. But I agree with Burgess, in his "History of English Literature" that this is best seen as "Elizabethan Literature". "New Elizabethan era" of English literature. Helm goes on to quote from King: ""England" [scare quotes mine -- not "Wales", or "Scotland", or "Ireland", which have, according to Bruce, their own 'literatures'] was once more at the centre of significant developments, and as England became multiracial and multicultural the claim that they do things better in France no longer applied." I would need a listing. There was a recent prohibition in Paris to 'dress as a Muslim' for a woman. The reporter went: "In France you can strip your breast in Saint Tropez, but not hide your face in Notre Dame", or something. I found it a good example of a zeugma. Or not. "England was much better at incorporating people than most of Europe."" The present concern with refugees passing from Liguria to Menton (and Paris, in their six-month 'visas' to "visit relations") is causing problems with the "Union" itself, so perhaps King should not generalise, "England" vs the "Continent", since there are shades of 'how good or bad at incorporating' stuff people are. Assimilate is perhaps wrong -- since it presupposes 'similar'; incorporate is perhaps bad, too, in that 'corpus', in Latin, meant _dead body_? And so on. Cheers, Speranza ----- The Swimming-Pool Library, --- reading. ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html