Some thoughtful questions here. I do agree that war either serves some sort of mythological, symbolic function, some acting out of a collective psychic wound, or it just proves that humanity has neither rhyme nor reason for its behavior. We simply love war, love blood. The sheer pointlessness of WWI would argue in favor of the latter. The mind bending techniques that were used in WWI by the British to convince men to go to their deaths in fighting for their country are now used by jihadists to convince people to be suicide bombers in support of their cause. I tend to think that the ability to send animals to their deaths in vast numbers (cows, sheep, pigs) is the same mentality that sends men to their deaths with equal impunity. (No plug for PETA here, just an observation.) ----- Original Message ----- From: Orion Anderson To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: 8/4/2005 12:36:29 PM Subject: [lit-ideas] Awakening from the Nightmare of History Coming Soon: Listserv on the "Psychological Interpretation of Ideology, Culture and History." For further information contact Orion Anderson at libraryofsocialscience@xxxxxxxxxxxxx AWAKENING FROM THE NIGHTMARE OF HISTORY: Psychological Interpretation of War and Genocide Richard Koenigsberg A character in James Joyce?s novel Ulysses said that ?history is a nightmare from which I am trying to awake.? We might do well to take literally the idea of ?history as a nightmare.? In The Interpretation of Dreams, Freud provided a method for analyzing the dreams of individuals. I have developed a method for analyzing collective dreaming. I interpret elements of culture as manifestations of shared fantasy--as if a dream that many people are having at the same time. The psychological interpretation of culture revolves around delineating the nature and shape of those desires, conflicts and fantasies that give rise to and are articulated through ideologies and social institutions. The complete paper by Richard A. Koenigsberg is available for the first time as an on-line publication. To read: AWAKENING FROM THE NIGHTMARE OF HISTORY: Psychological Interpretation of War and Genocide PLEASE CLICK HERE or visit: http://home.earthlink.net/~libraryofsocialscience/awakening.htm NATIONS AND THE FANTASY OF IMMORTALITY The idea of omnipotent bodies politic is a dream that people experience while they are awake. Nations constitute a shared fantasy of immortality. The dream of the nation may at times seem to be a benign, beautiful dream, fantasy of oneness with one?s beloved country. However, this dream transmogrifies into a nightmare at the moment when people begin to doubt the omnipotence of their nation. Wars come into being in order to demonstrate--test the proposition--that one?s nation is all-powerful. Nations bring forth or manifest power through their capacity to kill and bring about death, that is, as a result of their willingness to sacrifice the lives of human beings. As long as there are people who are in the process of ?dying for the country,? we are persuaded that nations are real.