Empiricism -- more than hot air? Megan Shannon et al. writes in American Political Science Review ("Beyond Keeping Peace: United Nations Effectiveness in the Midst of Figthing", November 2014) that "the number of UN peacekeeping personnel deployed influences the amount of battlefield deaths in" civil wars. Empirical "analyses show that increasing numbers of armed military troops are associated with reduced battlefield deaths, while police and observers are not. Considering that the UN is often criticized for ineffectiveness, these results have important implications: if appropriately composed, UN peacekeeping missions reduce violent conflict." Remeber Iraq, Libya etc -- the _only possible intervention_ was Nato-led bombing? The downside has been an increase in anti-West sentiment, singular acts of terror with reference to obscure counter-modernist ideals etc. The bombing raids that surely assist in training our pilots have a massive -- let's call it, for lack of a better term, _moral_ -- cost: they serve as intolerable provocations to civilians and give grounds for mobillization and s.c. radicalization. Would UN-led interventions offer an alternative? SHannon et al.s study indicates that they may. More blue helmets, fewer deaths. Police forces and observers are not sufficient. Med vennlig hilsen / Yours sincerely, Torgeir Fjeld http://independent.academia.edu/TorgeirFjeld