Donal has, I think, misunderstood what I was trying to say in the first paragraph of my reply to him earlier. I wrote: This is surely wrong [that the evidence that A has a disposition to do x is that A does x under certain circumstances] because a disposition to do x may be non-actualised, so that despite the disposition to do x existing, x is not done. To say someone has a disposition to do x is therefore not the same as saying someone has done x. Donal says that he did not say what is enclosed in square brackets above. I never thought he did . The bracketed material was a paraphrase of what I had said earlier and I included it to try to make clear to those whose attention might have flagged just what he was claiming was 'surely wrong.' I see that I should have written something like '[viz., that the evidence, etc...]' Robert Paul Interpolating Popperians everywhere ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html