When Khomeini took over Iran, he didn't intend that his Revolution should be just for Iran. He wanted it to be for the entire world. He very actively attempted to export his Militant Islamic ideology to other countries. Unfortunately for him one of the most natural countries to receive his ideology was Iraq because of the huge numbers of Iraqi Shiites on his border. Saddam Hussein did indeed initiate the war against Iran but he did so in order to stop Khomeini from converting his Shiites. Other attempts to the north, to the former SSRs have been ongoing. Iran got to Azerbiajan early and whether or not they have precisely accepted the Revolution they have sworn common cause with Iran. The Hezbollah was developed to facilitate the exportation of the Revolution through Terrorism. There was some initial success in Lebanon - with the Shia there, and Musa al Sadr, a very holy man, became an emissary of the Revolution. He visited Libya and (Fouad Ajami thinks) Qhadaffi had him killed, but a legend has arising around him that he might be "The Vanished Imam," that is the Twelvth Imam. He wasn't killed, the legend goes, but simply vanished for a time and will return. Part of the concern about Ahmadinejad is that he is a hard-liner in the Khomeini Party. Some in Iran want to back away from the exportation of the Revolution, but that is difficult to do in that Khomeini had his ideas written into the Iranian constitution. Ahmadinejad has been considered a willing advocate of Khomeini's ideas. For the mullahs to allow Ahmadinejad to become president has been an indication that the reforms, such as they were, of Khatami are at an end. He tried and failed. Now it is time to get back to the holy ideas of Khomeini. I have heard but haven't had a chance to check that Ahmadinejad in his particular Twelver eschatology believes that the Mahdi will return to a particular place in Iran. Since there were no roads between that place and Tehran, Ahmadinejad was instrumental in having one built. Fred Barnes said that but I haven't gotten positive verification yet. Twelver eschatology has something in common with Dispensational Christianity. Just as Dispensationalists await the immanent return of Jesus Christ; so do the Twelvers await the immanent return of the Mahdi, the Twelfth Imam. One of the many criticisms of Dispensationalists has been that they aren't interested in long ranged plans. Since Jesus Christ is to return in just a few years, they feel their job is to get as many people saved as possible before that happens. It was feared by Barnes that Ahmadinejad had an equivalent short-ranged conception based upon his religious views. However Ahmadinejad's references in his letter to what future historians will think of he & Bush don't support the idea that he is expecting the Mahdi any time soon. Ahmadinejad's religious views can be seen in his letter to Bush. He is behaving righteously, exhorting Bush to do the same. He is preaching to Bush. Now it can be hoped that this is a diplomatic ploy and that we can safely discount the religious jargon and see it as the first step in capitulation, i.e., being willing to give up the intention to build nuclear weapons. That is possible, but one would have to discount Barnes view and see Ahmadinejad as being more cynical. After all he never said he was developing nuclear weapons. Perhaps many Iranians believe what he says, i.e., that he is not building them. He could shut down the nuclear activities and after a long series of diplomatic conferences facilitated by Indonesia allow thorough inspections to show that he is indeed not building nuclear weapons. Why did Ahmadinejad include all the Leftist criticisms of America and Bush if he wanted to open up diplomatic discussions? Even though he did that, he was very gentle with these criticisms. Leftists are typically much more venomous. The way he has written is sure to sound as though it's the soul of gentleness to a Leftist and even someone who is not is likely to think that even though he is deceived he is being sincere in voicing these views. Both things could be true. Traditional Shiism doesn't provide room for doing anything to facilitate the return of the Mahdi. The Mahdi will accomplish the restoration of all things by himself. Shiia believers will not be permitted to help. So Ahmadinejad could give up his nuclear weapon plans in good conscience. The Mahdi doesn't need nuclear weapons. Furthermore his righteous intentions as seen in his letter to Bush are sure to be approved of by the Mahdi since he wants his followers to behave righteously. This would be backing away from Khomeini's brand of Shiism and moving more toward traditional Shism but Khomeini believed very much in the doctrine of Hegira which means that when the enemy is in a much better position, it is permitted to withdraw from the battle and wait for times to become more propitious. If Ahmadinejad is backing away permanently from nuclear weapons, that would be good. But if he is practicing Hegira that would also be good because it would allow more time for those who oppose the Khomeini Revolution to work toward the fall of the Mullah regime. Lawrence -----Original Message----- From: lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:lit-ideas-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Mike Geary Sent: Thursday, May 11, 2006 6:34 AM To: lit-ideas@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: [lit-ideas] Re: Ahmadi-Nejad's Letter to Bush PE: >I have no doubt the Iranians > are working very hard on developing nuclear weapons and that they > understand these weapons, not as defensive, but as tools for > establishing God's justice on the world. You know this culture far more intimately than I, but I've never been convinced that they seek our destruction or conversion, only our desistance in converting them to our model of modernity. I am not well versed in Iranian history, but I haven't seen any indications that would suggest they have imperial ambitions, either politically or religiously -- not since the days of Persia, at least. I see only self-defense against a West determined to control them and their oil resources. It is worrisome to me that Ahmadinejad couches his rhetoric in theocratic terms just as it is worrisome that George Bush does so as well. I agree with those commentators who say that the real audience for the letter was not the Bush Admininstration but the U. N. Security Council members -- a very political move, not a religious one. Mike Geary going on faith in Memphis