--- On Thu, 23/6/11, Lawrence Helm <lawrencehelm@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx> wrote: JL, >Well, no, misunderstanding isn't all-pervasive. Did I say that? I hope not. >What I said or meant to say is that all language is potentially ambiguous. No >text can be written in such a way as to avoid the possibility of >misunderstanding.> That is also how I understood the claim that it is not possible to write so that one cannot be misunderstood - it wasn't claiming that all writing is always misunderstand or is only misunderstood. Popper writes about this idea that "all language is potentially ambiguous" somewhere in his _Schilpp_ volumes, and does afair argue that from a logical POV all theories or theoretical systems [even of the most developed kind] are systematically ambiguous:- to paraphrase Wittgenstein, they always stand in need of an interpretation. He puts this forward not as opinion but as a logician of some standing. That diary entries are for the writer's eyes only is an assumption that would not show that no other eyes might misunderstand them; but also the writer might come back and wonder 'What did I mean by that?' or even misunderstand them; and even if the writer partially understood them, their understanding might be incomplete and were it tested fully might be found wanting. It may also be argued, along similar lines to Popper's case why theories are 'systematically ambiguous', that the writer's understanding is necessarily always partial and incomplete and would always be found wanting if tested fully. For these reasons JLS's rebuttal, by way of communications that are not capable of being misunderstood, does not, I think, bear examination. Btw, to say Ginger is indecisive may be to misunderstand what is a constant process of evaluation and risk-assessment, as well as a profound ability to get humans to perform door-keeping services [the cat I know best, Tinka, will refuse to use the flap at times, preferring to wait and even cry out until a human has opened the door for her]. Donal London ------------------------------------------------------------------ To change your Lit-Ideas settings (subscribe/unsub, vacation on/off, digest on/off), visit www.andreas.com/faq-lit-ideas.html