This is really annoying me. I have 4 other published exchange 5.5 servers running on this ISA box, I attempted to publish a development E2k server today...doing the EXACT same method as all the other E 5.5 internet mail connector boxes...yet no dice. The only difference ~other than it running E2k~ is that its in its own Active Directory Domain. This domain is trusted with the ISA domain, and ISA is working for outbound internet traffic. I have configured the Firewall Client on the Exchange 2k box since it is not on the same physical subnet as the ISA server. Is there something else im missing? I cannot see how all the other E 5.5 servers work fine when done the exact same way. Thanks Brian