*Courage Center Handiham World Weekly E-Letter for the week of Wednesday, 01 May 2013* This is a free weekly news & information update from Courage Center Handiham System <http://handiham.org/>. Our contact information is at the end, or simply email handiham@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx for changes in subscriptions or to comment. You can listen to this news online. MP3 audio stream: http://www.handiham.org/audio/handiham.m3u Download the 40 kbs MP3 audio to your portable player: http://www.handiham.org/audio/handiham.mp3 Get this podcast in iTunes: <http://www.itunes.com/podcast?id=372422406> http://www.itunes.com/podcast?id=372422406 RSS feed for the audio podcast if you use other podcasting software: http://feeds.feedBurner.com/handiham <http://feeds.feedburner.com/handiham> ------------------------------ *Welcome to Handiham World.*Nostalgia, part 3 I've been following some of the banter on the Blind-Hams Mailing List<http://www.handiham.org/drupal2/node/5>, where it turns out that list members are recalling how long they have been licensed and how things were different back in the day. The thread was started by a fellow who earned his Novice ticket 47 years ago this year. That struck a chord with me, because I was right behind him, 46 years ago. Both of us lived in the "0" call district, and both of us were assigned "WN0" prefixes. The N designated the Novice license, which was good for one year. You had to upgrade your ticket to Technician or General or lose your license altogether. That was REAL incentive licensing! Upon your upgrade, the N was dropped and another letter replaced it, in this case an "A". My call became WA0TDA, since all of the "W0" callsigns were already taken. Some of us have kept our original callsigns all these years, a topic which was also brought up in the Blind-Hams List discussion. This week I am pulling a copy of the venerable ARRL Handbook off the shelf and taking a peek inside. Most of the Blind-Hams listers are baby boomers like me, but our parents might have been ham radio operators, too - in a time when things were in turmoil, during the Second World War. Yes, this "Radio Amateur's Handbook" is the 1944 edition. It features a plain paper cover with a red background and the ARRL diamond logo in blue. "The standard manual of Amateur Radio Communication", states the text on the cover. And you can't miss the "1944 Edition" and the price: "$1 in continental U.S.A." On the very bottom of the cover are the words, "Published by The American Radio Relay League". [image: 1944 ARRL Radio Amateur's Handbook cover] *Image: * *1944 ARRL Radio Amateur's Handbook cover* The Handbook opens with the Amateur's Code. Although this has changed a bit over the years, you would recognize the familiar precepts of loyalty, friendliness, and more. Turn a few pages and you are soon well into a basic introduction to Amateur Radio of the day: some history, what it is all about, the bands that were available back then, and a discussion of the war effort and how amateur stations were off the air as of December, 1941. One paragraph in this first section states: *"It may occur to many readers that there is little point in obtaining an amateur operator license when amateur radio is not permitted. Far from it! An amateur operator license is a valuable possession, as many people engaged in the war effort have learned. In the Army, it may serve as a passport to a preferred position in the Signal Corps or Air Forces; in the Navy and Marine Corps, the holder of an amateur license (provided he has also had a high-school education and can pass the physical requirements) may be eligible for a rating as a petty officer. Even among officer candidates, in some branches possession of an amateur operator license is accepted as indicating certain proficiency in respect to special radio qualifications. This also applies to positions in various branches of the radio industry engaged in war work. Among women, possession of an amateur operator license is specified as one of the requirements for certain government positions open to feminine applicants. Both industry and civil service give preferred attention to amateur licensees."* In that short paragraph you get a sense of how things were in 1944. The roles of men and women were defined differently back then, but it is clear that anyone could benefit the war effort by being a credentialed amateur radio operator. Even some of the service branches were different: "Signal Corps" and "Air Forces" seem out of place today when we talk about the modern Air Force and communications is tightly interwoven into all military services and not defined as a "Signal Corps". Even the advertisements in the Handbook reflected the overbearing presence of a world war. [image: Eimac ad in the Handbook featured popular vacuum tubes of the day, with several redacted with the words "SPECIAL MILITARY TYPE CENSORED".] *Image: Eimac ad in the Handbook featured popular vacuum tubes of the day, with several redacted with the words "SPECIAL MILITARY TYPE CENSORED". * Looking further through the pages we find "Electrical and Radio Fundamentals", chapter 2. The laws of physics may be fundamentally the same regarding basic electricity, but back then "gaseous conduction" was considered a worthy topic, along with "current flow in liquids" and "current flow in vacuum". The construction of a dry cell was covered, too, as well as primary and secondary cells. One of the figures shows a "hydrometer, a device with a calibrated scale for measuring the specific gravity of the electrolyte, used to determine the state of charge of a lead acid battery." It reminded me for all the world of a high school physics lab course. I have to admit that I really liked high school physics! Most of us would have no trouble recognizing the diagrams of resistors in series and parallel and the familiar sine wave. The discussion quickly turns to impedances in series and parallel and concepts like transformers and turns ratios. By page 45,we are already learning about impedance matching! Vacuum tubes are covered very thoroughly, and there isn't a word about the still-to-be-invented transistor. The chapters that follow on radio principles and design build upon vacuum tube technology in the days of point-to-point wiring. Many amateur radio operators of the day built their own equipment. Although amateurs were not allowed to get on the air because of war restrictions, there was no prohibition against another major facet of amateur radio, building one's own equipment. Everyone knew that one day amateur radio would return to the airwaves following the war. The Handbook contained many construction articles, which certainly provided many hours of amateur radio enjoyment, even though the airwaves were silent for the moment. Then, as now, it was important to support the ARRL. [image: Application for ARRL membership from back pages of 1944 Handbook] *Image: Early ARRL application * The application for membership in the American Radio Relay League was short and sweet – just a single page near the back of the Handbook. There was a dashed line that indicated you could cut the page out of the Handbook and fill it in to join ARRL. The address was: *American Radio Relay League, West Hartford, Conn., U.S.A.* ( Notice that the abbreviation for Connecticut was Conn., as the official two-letter designations were yet to be invented. Of course there was no Zip Code either.) Here is the text of the application: *Being genuinely interested in Amateur Radio, I hereby apply for membership in the American Radio Relay League, and enclose $2.50 ($3.00 in foreign countries) in payment of one year's dues*, $1.25 of which is for a subscription to QST for the same period. Please begin my subscription with the…… issue.* *The call of my station is……* *The class of my operators license is……* *I belong to the following radio societies……....* *Send my Certificate of Membership or Membership Card (indicate which) to the address below:* *Name.....................................* *A bona fide interest in amateur radio is the only essential requirement, but full voting membership is granted only to licensed radio amateurs of the United States and Canada. Therefore, if you have a license, please be sure to indicate above. The dues are $2.50 per year in the United States.* Today the ARRL Handbook remains the go-to place for most everything in Amateur Radio. It's bigger and literally packed with good stuff - everything from the venerable vacuum tube to the latest surface-mount devices. And guess what? You'll still find the Amateur's Code near the beginning. It has survived the test of time and is as valid today as it was in 1944! And at the end of the book? A compact disk. ARRL states: *CD-ROM Included! The CD-ROM includes all of the fully searchable text and illustrations in the printed book, as well as expanded supplemental content, software, PC board templates and other support files.* The Handbook is one of the best things you can add to your ham shack library. <http://www.arrl.org/shop/ARRL-Handbook-2013-Hardcover-Edition/> It is now 1,320 pages - Those tiny integrated circuits, transistors, and surface-mount devices must take up more room than we thought. The 1944 edition was only 184 pages (counting the index.) Our blind members who use screenreading software should have access to the text embedded in the PDF files on the compact disc. When I last checked the ARRL website, there was a special on the hardcover edition, making it available for only $49.95. (Yes, it is no longer $1, but given inflation and the fact that it really has much more to offer, it is a real bargain!) Patrick Tice, WA0TDA Handiham Manager ------------------------------ Walt Seibert, KD0LPX, Courage Center Director of Planned Giving, Retires [image: Walt, KD0LPX, left, holds his CSCE in 2010, when he earned his Tech license. Pat, WA0TDA, right, congratulates Walt on behalf of the VE team.] *Walt, KD0LPX, left, holds his CSCE in 2010, when he earned his Tech license. Pat, WA0TDA, right, congratulates Walt on behalf of the VE team of the ARRL Special Service Club SARA, the Stillwater (MN) Amateur Radio Association. <http://radioham.org/>* Handiham Courage Center Senior Development officer and Director of Planned Giving Walt Seibert, KD0LPX, has retired this week. His last day was yesterday. Over the years Walt worked with supporters to help keep the Handiham program and other Courage Center programs strong. In recent years he concentrated closely on the Handiham endowment fund, and his professionalism and expertise made his work on our behalf successful. Walt is now studying for his General ticket and hopes to attend the summer Radio Camp session. He has worked for Courage Center for 18 years and will be missed - though with ham radio, we know we will always be staying in touch. Last week I had coffee with Walt and we talked about getting ready for Hamvention®, what the future might be for ham radio and Handihams, what he plans to do this coming summer, and what special plans he has for retirement. Naturally, I always recommend ham radio as the world's premier retirement hobby! Walt went to Dayton with us one year, so he has a very good idea about the scope of amateur radio. It is great to hear that he wants to upgrade to General. We wish Walt a WONDERFUL retirement and look forward to seeing him at camp. ------------------------------ Correspondence: [image: cartoon robot with pencil] ARRL EMA Section <http://ema.arrl.org/> Manager Phil Temples, K9HI, has released the Eastern Massachusetts Section News. Here is an excerpt from this month's edition: *It's been an extraordinary past few weeks for the citizens of Massachusetts as well as for the entire country. The tragic events at the Boston Marathon on Patriot's Day and the weeks following will forever be seared into our collective memories. The bombings, subsequent violence, the lockdown, an historic manhunt, and the eventual capture of a dangerous fugitive not only shook us but led us to summon our most enduring and positive of human qualities. We listened and watched in awe to the stories of first responders (and ordinary citizens) who rushed into harm's way to aid the injured and dying. In the days afterward, we collectively grieved. Slowly, now, we collectively heal.* *For the hundreds of Amateur Radio volunteers from across New England who came to serve that day, the Marathon was going to be a fun, routine public service event. Sure, operators at previous Marathons have endured hardships and weather-related challenges. Temperature extremes in years past have resulted in hundreds of requests for ambulance transport to area hospitals. One year, there was even a fatality. But in all of the thirty-plus years of Boston Marathons in which amateurs have served, this one was without precedent.* *Amateur Radio volunteers performed admirably during the period where they were covering a normal public service event. BAA (Boston Athletic Association <http://www.baa.org/>) officials in Hopkinton successfully ensured a smooth and safe start, thanks in part to efficient communications provided by the hams that shadowed them. Checkpoints and first aid stations were able to verify and obtain needed supplies, and later, coordinate the transport of runners. Red Cross officials who crisscrossed the course were kept in the loop always, thanks to their Amateur Radio shadows.* *But then... 2:50 PM.* *Initially, rumors and vague reports surfaced. CNN texts and other media alerts began to light up smartphones. Phone call volume increased. In fact, in many locations along the course, cell phone service crashed under the strain. Soon, it was apparent to everyone that a major disaster was unfolding, and amateurs were caught up in the middle of it. The jarring directive went out over the amateur networks to halt all runners.* *Stop the Marathon.* *The BAA's mission abruptly changed, and new priorities were quickly introduced. As Marathon volunteer Tim Carter, W3ATB of Meredith, New Hampshire succinctly puts it, "The bombs created a new set of problems. How do the runners stay warm? How do the runners get fed? How do the runners get to their belongings? How do the runners discover if their loved ones waiting at the finish are okay? How do the runners let their loved ones know where they are? How will thousands of runners be transported to who-knows-where?"* *News coverage of the bombings and subsequent capture of the suspects has, of course, been non-stop and numbing. Soon, for the first time the behind-the-scenes story of Amateur Radio at this Boston Marathon will appear in the volunteers' own words in the pages of QST, CQ Magazine and the ARRL's online monthly ARES Newsletter. I want to thank our Section Emergency Coordinator Rob Macedo, KD1CY, for helping to pull together much of the material that will appear in these stories. Some of the other contributors include: Paul Topolski, W1SEX, District Emergency Coordinator for Worcester County, Western MA; Steve Schwarm, W3EVE, DEC for Field Operations, Eastern MA; Tim Carter, W3ATB; Carl Aveni, N1FY, Assistant SEC; Terry Stader, KA8SCP, DEC.* *I'm proud of the actions of the section's ARES members and other Marathon Amateur Radio Communications consortium participants during this horrific event. When the shock hit, amateurs shifted gears seamlessly from public service event coverage to full-blown emergency operations. The fact that amateurs are trained and able to make such a profound transition so quickly ensures that our services will always be in demand. You have this Section Manager's sincere gratitude.* - Thank you to Phil and ARRL for this report. We are looking forward to hearing more from Phil at Radio Camp this summer. Remember the days of the phone patch? Ron, K8HSY, does: [image: Back of K7UGA QSL card sent to Handihams in December 1982. Signed by Barry Goldwater.] *Back of K7UGA QSL card sent to Handihams in December 1982. Signed by Barry Goldwater.* In the late 1960's, during the Vietnam war, a group of us hams went out to Barry Goldwater's ham station at his home in Paradise Valley Arizona in shifts to handle phone patches between our troops stationed in the South Pacific islands, Korea, and limited other QTH's in Asia and their loved ones here in the states. Senator Goldwater's ham call was K7UGA. If you read what I just wrote carefully, you will notice I referred to Senator Goldwater's ham station, not his ham shack. Believe me; it was far from a shack. It was a totally separate building from his house. In fact, I was never in his house, just his ham station. When you walked into the front door of his ham quarters, you were walking into a fairly large room, about 20 feet wide by about 30 or more feet long. It had a really large fireplace on the right end with a beautiful mantel that went above the fireplace the entire length. Senator Goldwater's Kachina Doll Collection was displayed on that mantel and was a very precious collection. Off on the left end of this main room was one step up to another little room that was a kitchenette with a very well-stocked refrigerator with all kinds of non-alcoholic beverages that we could drink when we were operating our shift. Of course, he had cups for cold water, and I think there were some snack items too, but I never snooped around in his kitchenette. When you walked into the front door and straight ahead was his ham equipment. It was the entire Collins station, receiver, transmitter, and amplifier. On the wall right above his ham gear was a large Bronze bust of General Chiang Kai-shek of Taiwan. Senator Goldwater's antenna tower was something you simply had to actually see to believe. First, his house and ham station were on top of a high hill in Paradise Valley, just outside of Scottsdale, Arizona, which is just outside of Phoenix. The tower was on high ground to begin with, but it went up another 75 feet to the huge, multi-element, tri-bander perched on top of the tower. When we rotated the beam, the entire tower rotated, not just the beam, but the entire tower. The base of the tower was bolted to the motor that was geared to slowly rotate the mast. The bolts were the largest bolts I have ever seen. The head of each bolt was at least 15 inches across. That was quite an experience. At times, we were all sobbing and crying. Why? Because we were connecting our soldiers up with their parents, Moms and Dads, and their girlfriends and wives. Each soldier only had just a few minutes to talk because we had so many to get patched into the states. The fellows were on places like Wake Island, Guam, Korea, and other Far East places. They didn't want to stop talking. The wives and girlfriends were crying and resisted hanging up in fear that they might never hear their loved one's voice ever again. The girls would cry out over and over: "I love you! Please, please be careful and take care of yourself! I love you; I love you; I love you!!" Just the memories make me choke up writing this. I'm sharing this with you because it is one more aspect of ham radio that never got much attention at the time, and frankly, there aren't too many of us left that participated in these overseas phone patches that served a very special purpose and role in ham radio and is an important part of our ham radio history. Ron, K8HSY ------------------------------ Handiham Nets are on on the air. [image: TMV71A transceiver] *We are on the air daily at 11:00 USA Central Time, plus Wednesday & Thursday evenings at 19:00 USA Central Time. A big THANK YOU to all of our net control stations! What will Doug, N6NFF, come up with for his trivia question tonight? Will it be a question about ham radio history? How about a brain-buster from the world of electronic theory? I guess we'll just have to tune in and listen!* *We maintain our nets at 11:00 hours daily relative to Minnesota time. Since the nets remain true to Minnesota time, the difference between Minnesota time and GMT is -5 hours. The net is on the air at 16:00 hours GMT. * *The official and most current net news may be found at: http://www.handiham.org/nets * ------------------------------ Handiham Booth at Dayton Hamvention®Help needed at the booth [image: Hamvention arena showing forest of antennas aand crowd of people.] *If you are at the show, we could use your help. * It's not too early to remind our readers and listeners that we will be at Dayton Hamvention® again this year, and we would like you to stop by and visit us at booth 330 in the Silver Arena. The dates are May 17-19, 2013. The theme at Dayton this year is "DX Hamvention®". We always have a couple of extra chairs at the Handiham booth, so you can sit down while you visit. We may put you to work telling others about Handihams! If you use a wheelchair or a scooter, there will be room for you to pull into the booth area out of traffic in the aisle. We always place our table back to allow for a nice, open area that can accommodate our members and their service dogs. See you there! Learn more about the show: http://www.hamvention.org/ *If you stop by to see us, we would appreciate your help at the booth. Help us tell the Handiham story!* ------------------------------ *A dip in the pool* [image: Pat shows off his new Plantronics USB headset!] It's time to test our knowledge by taking a dip in the pool - the AMATEUR RADIO question pool, that is! *Let's go to the Technician Class pool and examine several questions about decibels:* T5B09 asks: What is the approximate amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of a power increase from 5 watts to 10 watts? Possible answers are: A. 2 dB B. 3 dB C. 5 dB D. 10 dB Do you use complicated formulas and logarithms to figure out the answer to this question? No! All you have to do is remember that any doubling of power is equivalent to three dB. It doesn't matter if the power doubles from 1 watt to 2 watts , or if it doubles from 5 watts to 10 watts. Either way, it is a three dB increase. Therefore, the change in dB is answer B: 3 dB. You can see that absolutely no math is required. Next, T5B10 asks: What is the approximate amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of a power decrease from 12 watts to 3 watts? Possible answers are: A. 1 dB B. 3 dB C. 6 dB D. 9 dB Now we have to work the problem backwards. We have already stated that each doubling of power is equivalent to a 3 dB change. Cutting the power in half works the same way. Let's say we begin with 3 watts, doubling it to 6 watts. That is 3 dB right there. Then we double that 6 watts again, making it 12 watts. That is another 3 dB, right? So 3 dB + 3 dB = 6 dB, which is answer C. Remember that we are simply looking for a change in power in these questions about dB. And finally, T5B11 asks: What is the approximate amount of change, measured in decibels (dB), of a power increase from 20 watts to 200 watts? A. 10 dB B. 12 dB C. 18 dB D. 28 dB This question is going to require a bit of "interpolation", which is just way of guessing at a likely close answer. We begin by doubling the 20 watts to get 40. Then we double the 40 to get 80. Then we double the 80 to get 160 watts. We have doubled the power three times, so that is 3 dB for each time, which is 3 + 3 + 3 = 9 dB. But the questions specifies 200 watts, not 180 watts. Here is where taking a smart guess comes in handy, because we cannot double the 180, or we would go far over the specified 200 watts. Instead, we look at the difference between what we now have (180 watts) and were we need to be (200 watts). All we need is a small change to add to our existing 9 dB. Remembering that it would take 3 dB to turn the 180 watts into 360 watts, we decide to simply look for the answer with only 1 dB additional, and that is answer A: 10 dB. We have just gotten another question correct using no complicated formulas - only simple mental math! Please e-mail handiham@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx to comment. * ------------------------------ This week @ HQThe May DAISY<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DAISY_Digital_Talking_Book>digest for our blind members is ready for use. More May audio has been added this week. * - Our thanks to Bob, N1BLF, Jim, KJ3P, and Ken, W9MJY, for reading this month. Look for these DAISY materials in the members section. <http://handiham.org/drupal2/user> - Members on the Friday Notify mailing list will receive the link. *New! The Icom IC-706M2G manual read by volunteer Lyle Koehler, K0LR, will appear by Friday in the manuals section in DAISY format. As with our other DAISY offerings, the book is in a single zip file that may be downloaded and unzipped to your computer for transfer to an NLS player or other compatible DAISY reading device. Radio Camp application packets are still available. * *Some of you have asked if we changed locations for the radio camp this year. The answer is no, we are still at Camp Courage on Cedar Lake. The confusion came about because the camp's physical address is "Maple Lake, MN", but the camp is not on Maple Lake. It is on nearby Cedar Lake. There are so many lakes in Minnesota that it is easy to get confused, but it is also easy to find a nearby lake for water recreation! * 2013 camp dates call for arrival on July 28 and departure on August 2. We have confirmed that we will offer our campers who pass Technician at camp brand-new handheld radios. Radio camp will emphasize ham radio fun and getting on the air. We will feature: - Technician beginner small group class - Get your first license and get on the air! - General Class study group for those who need a quick review before taking the General exam. - Extra Class study group for those who need a quick review before taking the Extra exam. - VE session conducted by SARA, the Stillwater (MN) Amateur Radio Association, on Thursday, August 1, at 1:30 PM. - Operating Skills small group get on the air sessions and discussions - ARRL update - What's new at ARRL. - Extra Class seminar for those with Extra Class licenses who want to participate in more advanced technical projects and discussions - Several stations to operate, including maritime mobile on the camp pontoon boat with Cap'n Bill, N0CIC - Sailing with Skipper Bill, K9BV - Handiham Radio Club meeting and elections - Dining in the nearby newly-remodeled Woodland dining hall. - Fun in the sun during Minnesota's excellent summer season - at Camp Courage on beautiful Cedar Lake! For a Radio Camp application, email Nancy at hamradio@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx or call her at 763-520-0512. *Handiham net information and news: *The official and most current net news may be found at: http://www.handiham.org/nets *Digital mailers are important: *If you do mail a digital cartridge to us, please be sure that it is an approved free matter mailer. Otherwise it will quickly cost us several dollars to package and mail out, which is more than the cost of the mailer in the first place. We don't have a stock of cartridges or mailers and not including a mailer will result in a long delay getting your request back out to you. *DAISY audio digests are available for our blind members who do not have computers*, playable in your Library of Congress digital player. Handiham members who use these players and who would prefer to receive a copy of the monthly audio digests on the special Library of Congress digital cartridge should send a blank cartridge to us in a cartridge mailer (no envelopes, please), so that we can place the files on it and return it to you via free matter postal mail. Your callsign should be on both the cartridge and the mailer so that we can make sure we know who it's from. Blank cartridges and mailers are available from APH, the American Printing House for the Blind, Inc. <http://www.aph.org/> Digital Talking Book Cartridge Catalog Number: 1-02610-00, Price: $12.00 Digital Talking Book Cartridge Mailer Catalog Number: 1-02611-00, Price: $2.50 Order Toll-Free: (800) 223-1839. The Library of Congress NLS has a list of vendors for the digital cartridges: http://www.loc.gov/nls/cartridges/index.html Get it all on line as an alternative: Visit the DAISY section on the Handiham website after logging in. * ------------------------------ Stay in touch [image: Cartoon robot with cordless phone] Be sure to send Nancy your changes of address, phone number changes, or email address changes so that we can continue to stay in touch with you. You may either email Nancy at hamradio@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx or call her at 763-520-0512. If you need to use the toll-free number, call 1-866-426-3442. Handiham Manager Patrick Tice, WA0TDA, may be reached at handiham@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx or by phone at 763-520-0511. Mornings Monday through Thursday are the best time to contact us. The Courage Handiham System depends on the support of people like you, who want to share the fun and friendship of ham radio with others. Please help us provide services to people with disabilities. Call 1-866-426-3442 toll-free. -- Help us get new hams on the air. Get the Handiham E-Letter by email every Wednesday, and stay up-to-date with ham radio news. You may listen in audio to the E-Letter at Handiham Weekly E-Letter in MP3 format <http://handiham.org/audio/handiham.mp3> Email us to subscribe: hamradio@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx That's it for this week. 73 from all of us at the Courage Handiham System! Pat, WA0TDA Manager, Courage Handiham System Reach me by email at: handiham@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx Nancy, Handiham Secretary: hamradio@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx ARRL is the premier organization supporting amateur radio worldwide. Please contact Handihams for help joining the ARRL. We will be happy to help you fill out the paperwork! The weekly e-letter is a compilation of software tips, operating information, and Handiham news. It is published on Wednesdays, and is available to everyone free of charge. Please email handiham@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx for changes of address, unsubscribes, etc. Include your old email address and your new address. Return to Handiham.org <http://handiham.org/> *