On 3 Mar 2011, at 11:41 , jeff kramer wrote: > An important differentiation question: mussel or muscle? muscle I don't know how to spell 'exercise' either... does that make me a geek? Ed: I started my quest looking at more mechanical means like you suggested... But I got frustrated. The spine bends in a nice arc in any direction. Maybe I could print vertebrae on a MakerBot and pull on a string to 'contract the muscle' in the direction of the bend? But that seems pretty fragile compared to a material that contracts/bends under voltage, and I swear I've seen this material used somewhere. I just can't remember where, and can't search for it because I don't remember what it's called :-(