[guide.chat] things you may or might not know
- From: vanessa <qwerty1234567a@xxxxxxxxx>
- To: "GUIDE CHAT" <guide.chat@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Thu, 22 Mar 2012 03:11:51 -0000
Chimneys are not straight up, to stop rain and snow falling straight down.
Chimneys go straight up three quarters of the way, then they have a bend, then
they continue straight up.
On the bend is where soot collects and why most chimney fires are started from
not having a chimney cleaner frequent enough.
But now we are lucky to have central heating hey Scot.
Deer, cows, horses eat grass why do they all excrete differently?
Horse, cow and deer all eat grass, yet deers excretes pellets, cows have
patties and horse produce dried grass...why?
Different digestive systems
Deer are ruminants, meaning they are equipped with a four chambered stomach.
An interesting characteristic about the ruminant's stomach is that it allows
the animal to gather a lot of food at once and then chew and digest it later.
The four chambered stomach is needed to process the large quantities of low
nutrient food that deer eat.
Depending on the type and abundance of food, the deer can fill its stomach in
about one or two hours.
When a deer eats, food is chewed just enough to swallow.
The food then passes down the esophagus into the stomach.
The deer has a four section stomach similar to that of cattle. The food goes
into the first section which acts as a fermentation vat.
Most of the digestion occurs in this area of the stomach.
Deer depend on billions of microorganisms that live in its stomach to break
down the fibers, cellulose,and other basic plant components, and convert them
into materials that can be used by the deer's digestive system.
Over 40 percent of a deer's energy is derived from the acids absorbed through
the walls of its first stomach.
After the deer has filled its first stomach, it will lie down in a secluded
place to chew its cud, just as cattle.
After chewing its cud for awhile, the deer re-swallows the food, which then
passes to the second portion of the stomach.
The food material then passes on to the third and forth stomach sections for
more digestion and absorbtion. The food material
then goes through the intestines and everything that isn't digested is passed
off as waste droppings.
The horse is a non-ruminant herbivore. Non-ruminant means that horses do not
have multi-compartmented stomachs as cattle do.
Instead, the horse has a simple stomach that works much like a human's.
Herbivore means that horses live on a diet of plant material.
The equine digestive tract is unique in that it digests portions of its feeds
enzymatically first in the foregut and ferments in the hindgut.
The horse's digestive system really should be thought of as being in two
sections.
The first section has similarities to the pre-caecal digestive system of a
monogastric animal such as the dog, man or pig. The second section is more like
the rumen of a cow.
This has profound effects on the way we need to think about feeding the horses
in our care.
However, the horse is neither a dog nor a ruminant or even a direct combination
of both.
It is unique and needs to be considered as such.
The cow benefits by having the microbial breakdown of fibrous food at the start
of the GIT (gastrointestinal tract) and nutrient absorption can then take place
along the entire intestine.
Dietary protein is not utilised efficiently because the
microbial fermentation breaks down protein plus some carbohydrate.
In the horse unlike in the ruminant the microbial fermentation occurs after the
'monogastric' like section rather than before.
This has a great impact on how we should feed a horse and explains in part why
the horse and cow differ so much in their nutritional efficiencies and
requirements.
from
Vanessa The Google Girl.
my skype name is rainbowstar123
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