Blue...... Allen, Your conception and logic are all correct, except for camera position during recording. The camera postion never changes ..?The camera must maintain the same angle to the axis in question during recording. It does!.I have demonstrated this as a fact not jsut the circular reasoning that keeps getting passed around...( you can only see it if there is a rotation.. There is no rotation, that?s why you can?t see it)..Never mind that the cameras orientation to the common point in question is in a radial orientation to that point every 24 hours and the angle of the camera never changes to the axis we are trying to observe and that simply looking away does not make it or the effect go away ...!? The camera in all cases under consideration (and in my drawing) still rotate about the nightly axis, therefore it will only record a nightly star trail. That is a assertion that is the point of discussion here. However, It also rotates around the ecliptic axis. the orbit also translates to the ecliptic plane not the celestial axis. the two are not one and the same thing. In order to record an annual star trail, the camera must rotate about the annual axis..and to do that you must change the angle of the camera with each photo.absolutly not.. but this would work for a fictitious axis too. yes any path that can produce a radial oreintaion to a common point. JA... --------------------------------- Be a better sports nut! Let your teams follow you with Yahoo Mobile. Try it now.