Regner Said: Note that this O2 absorption is almost 7 orders of magnitude weaker than the absorption by O3. Regner this subject requires a much deeper study. for example the depth/density of the two types of filters O2 O3 and the historical data of the solar spectrum.. This is to let you know it is still alive on the backburner till the main current debate runs its course. Gives me time to get the data and put it in suitable terms for the group. Philip. ----- Original Message ----- From: Regner Trampedach To: geocentrism@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Monday, March 31, 2008 1:45 PM Subject: [geocentrism] Re: 8 year time lapse of Wolf-Rayet Regner in red. philip madsen wrote: Peter at that distance the super Nova most probably has happened already, and we have a wait to see it.. They did not appear to say it was emminent... But I noticed this little bit which separates the real science from the pseudo.. "A 2005 study showed that a gamma-ray burst originating within 6,500 light-years of Earth could be enough to strip away the ozone layer and cause a mass extinction. "" The Ozone layer plays little part in filtering our suns UV rays.. Ozone, O3, has an absorption peak at 254nm of 1e-17/[1/cm^2] with a width of 40nm (see, e.g., Parisse, Brion & Malicet, 1996, Chem. Phys. Letters, 248, 31-36). It is actually quite close to the Gaussian: 1.14*exp(-((lambda-254.)/24.)^2). This is a photo-detachment continuum, meaning that the molecule dissociates into an O2 molecule and a free oxygen atom. These can combine with others to form O3 again. O2, on the other hand, has a 3e-17/[1/cm^2] peak around 60nm and a 1.5e-17/[1/cm^2] peak around 140nm - same magnitude as for O3 but at much short wavelength in the vacuum UV (VUV). There are hardly any Solar photons there. There is also a 7e-24/[1/cm^2] peak at 200nm - this is a photo-detachment continuum causing dissociation into two free oxygen atoms when absorbing this light. These free atoms join with O2 molecules to form new O3 molecules (as opposed to the recycling described above). Due to the very low cross-section and the fewer Solar photons available at such short wavelengths, this is a fairly slow process. Note that this O2 absorption is almost 7 orders of magnitude weaker than the absorption by O3. Most of O2's UV absorption happens in the UV-C band and beyond, where there are hardly any Solar photons. Most of the harmful UV photons from the Sun fall in the UV-B band which is completely covered by the O3 absorption. The less harm- ful UV-A band is only partially covered by O3. See, e.g., Solar Radiation Spectrum from Wikipedia Source of absorption spectra: MPI-Mainz-UV-VIS Spectral Atlas of Gaseous Molecules Ozone is easily destroyed by the radicals NO, OH, Cl and Br which acts as catalysts (are not consumed in the process) and each radical can destroy more than 100,000 O3 molecules. The action of these free radicals and the formation of new O3 in the presence of sunlight, obviously results in a yearly cyclic variation in O3 concentrations in the Polar regions - that is a well known and natural cycle. What has changed, however, is the concentrations of Cl and Br due to human activity. These increases have caused a decline in the minimum (winter) concentrations of O3 in the Polar regions. These are the much cited ozone-holes. The depletion of the O3 layer seems to have slowed down, lately, and that is attributed to the international ban on CFCs. - Regner The ozone layer is created by the action of Oxygen filtering out UV. The reaction is analogous to surf when the wave hits the beach. (a lot of froth) The ozone layer dissappears (and always has) at both poles during the long winter night, and comes back quickly as soon as the sun sees some O2. You do not see much media on ozone holes today HA! Gone the way of nuclear winter, and followed by global warming, which is now replaced with the climate change buzz word, preparing for a possible new ice age.. all our fault still .. They make me sick... Philip ----- Original Message ----- From: PETER CHARLTON To: geocentrism@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Sent: Sunday, March 30, 2008 9:06 PM Subject: [geocentrism] 8 year time lapse of Wolf-Rayet 8 year time lapse of Wolf-Rayet http://www.cosmosmagazine.com/node/1878 Pete Charlton -------------------------------------------------------------------------- No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG. Version: 7.5.519 / Virus Database: 269.22.1/1349 - Release Date: 29/03/2008 5:02 PM ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ No virus found in this incoming message. Checked by AVG. Version: 7.5.519 / Virus Database: 269.22.1/1350 - Release Date: 30/03/2008 12:32 PM