Dear All, This is my attempt to explain more graphically Neville's last drawing showing the two axes of rotation. 1 The green circles are a fixed spot on the world shown in four different positions traversing the ecliptic path. The NEP is perpendicular to the grey ecliptic plane. This illustrates the world's 24 hour rotation. I have tried to take great care to get the geometry correct within the limitations of my drawing software. 2 The green circles also represent the world traversing its annual orbit about the NCP. These are shown as red ellipses. The NEP, according to my drawing geometry, also traverses the NCP. Since there are two rotations happening simultaneously but at very different velocities the illustration can only show an NCP rotation (red ellipses) extrapolated for a whole year. I value comments by all as to whether I have understood the problem or not. I do have a series of 12 illustrations, similar to the one below, showing the position of the ecliptic plane every 30 degrees about the NCP. Jack Lewis www.classiccarartist.co.uk