Hi Bridgette I think I am right in saying that coachman style driving became the norm in England for driving fast with four reins or more - ie, four in hand, tandem or other combinations than singles or pairs - once the roads were smooth enough to take heavy fast coaches, ie after ~1790. It's a down-the-road style, intended for long hours with the driver seated on a box with a relatively high seat position. The contact is constant because for work at fast speeds the horses' reaction needed to be immediate in order to avoid accidents. It's easier on the driver than two handed driving and I believe it's also easier on the horses. One reason may be that the "take" and the "give" on a turn are automatically balanced, which may not be the case when driving two handed. I would not go so far as to say coachman style would be appropriate for ploughing or working any kind of field implement! You probably wouldn't have the same degree of contact with the horse's mouth anyway. I also think coachman style is difficult if your seat position is low down behind the horse, which I see with singles more often than with pairs and more. I think any rein hold that attempts steady contact must be difficult to maintain over a long period in a low cart. All that being said, it took me two years of driving to get into driving correctly coachman style, and out of the habit of trying to hold my reins as I would for riding... _________________________________________________________ To Unsubscribe, change to Digest or Vacation mode go to: http://www.drivingpairs.com/dpmem.shtml `````````````````````````````````````````````````````````