----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Sunday, April 11,
2021, 09:19:48 PM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2021-04-12, twelve papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2021‒04‒12
twelve papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
| |
- Cultural differences and immigrants' wages ByMorganRaux
- Rising Immigration and Falling Native-Born Home Ownership: ASpatial
Econometric Analysis for New Zealand ByChao Li;JohnGibson;GeuaBoe-Gibson
- The solution of the immigrant paradox: aspirations andexpectations of
children of migrants ByMichelBeine;Ana Cecilia Montes Vinas;Skerdikajda Zanaj
- The costs and mortal dangers of unauthorized migrations as alimiting
rationing device. Is there a better solution? ByChilosi, Alberto
- Locked Down, Lashing Out: Situational Triggers and HatefulBehavior Towards
Minority Ethnic Immigrants ByDipoppaDipoppa;GuyGrossman;Stephanie Zonszein
- Resilience against the Pandemic: the Impact of COVID-19 onMigration and
Household Welfare in Tajikistan BySatoshi Shimizutani;EijiYamada
- Weather, Climate, and Migration in the United States ByJamieT.
Mullins;Prashant Bharadwaj
- Public Preferences on Immigration in Japan ByToshihiro Okubo
- Another Brick in the Wall. Immigration and ElectoralPreferences: Direct
Evidence from State Ballots ByBargain, Olivier;Stephane, Victor;Valette, Jérôme
- Returns to International Migration: Evidence from aBangladesh-Malaysia
Visa Lottery ByMobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq;Sharif,Iffath;Shrestha, Maheshwor
- Internal Migration and Labor Market Outcomes inIndonesia
ByTusharBharati;WinaYoman
- International Migration in Ireland, 2020. Report to theOECD Expert Group
on Migration ByPhilip J. O'Connell
- Cultural differencesand immigrants' wages
| By: | MorganRaux (Department of Economics and Management, Université
duLuxembourg) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, I investigate how cultural differences
affect thelabor-marketperformance of immigrant workers in Germany. I document a
negativerelationship between hourly wages and the cultural distance
betweenimmigrants' countries of origin and Germany. This result is robust
across thethree main indicators used in the gravity literature: linguistic,
religious,and genetic distances. This cultural wage penalty disappears after
five to tenyears spent in Germany. Controlling for language proficiency as well
as forselective in- and out-migration, these results highlight the
culturalintegration of immigrant workers. I finally provide evidence suggesting
thatlower wage progression may be explained by fewer job-to-jobtransitions. |
| Keywords: | Cultural distance, Immigrant Workers. |
| JEL: | J61Z10 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:21-02&r=mig ;|
- Rising Immigration andFalling Native-Born Home Ownership: A Spatial
Econometric Analysis for NewZealand
| By: | Chao Li(University of Auckland);JohnGibson (University of
Waikato);GeuaBoe-Gibson (University of Waikato) |
| Abstract: | In the last two decades the foreign-born share of New
Zealand’s populationhasrisen far faster than in other rich countries, raising
questions about impactson the native-born population. We apply spatial
econometric models to athree-wave panel of 1851 census area units to examine
impacts of higherforeign-born population shares on home ownership rates for the
native-born. Astandard deviation higher foreign-born share is associated with a
one-sixth ofa standard deviation lower ownership rate for the native-born. Much
of theimpact is indirect, with higher foreign-born shares in one area spilling
overinto lower native-born ownership rates elsewhere. |
| Keywords: | immigration; home ownership; spatial spillovers; New
Zealand |
| JEL: | J61R31 |
| Date: | 2021–03–31 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:wai:econwp:21/03&r=mig ;|
- The solution of theimmigrant paradox: aspirations and expectations of
children ofmigrants
| By: | MichelBeine (Department of Economics and Management,
Université du Luxembourg);Ana Cecilia Montes Vinas (Department of Economics and
Management,Université du Luxembourg);Skerdikajda Zanaj (Department of Economics
and Management,Université du Luxembourg) |
| Abstract: | In this paper, we push forward the hypothesis that
misalignment betweenexpectations and aspira- tions crucially affects the
educational outcomes ofyoung adults. Using AddHealth, a dataset of 20,774
adolescents between thegrades 7-12, we show that the difference in school
performance between mi-grant children and natives lies within the aspirations
and expectations thatmigrant children form. More specifically, we find that
positive misalignmentbetween aspirations and expectations is a driving force
for higher effort andbetter education outcomes of immigrant teenagers in the
USA. This forceresolves the well-known immigrant paradox. Furthermore, this
result isspecific to migrant children and does not hold for second-generation
migrantpupils. |
| Keywords: | Add-health database, aspirations, expectations,
immigrant paradox, educationachievements. |
| JEL: | I20I21 I26 J15 F22 |
| Date: | 2020 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:luc:wpaper:20-26&r=mig ;|
- The costs and mortaldangers of unauthorized migrations as a limiting
rationing device. Is there abetter solution?
| By: | Chilosi, Alberto |
| Abstract: | In face of the present migratory pressures from the poor
towards the richercountries, and of the present framework of international
humanitarian law, thecosts and dangers of unauthorized migrations appear to act
as a rationingdevice restricting actual migrations to a small fraction of their
very largepotential. However ethically abhorrent this appears to be, in
practice it isthe only effective limiting factor to mass immigration that is
allowed byinternational law. Perhaps something is wrong with
internationallaw... |
| Keywords: | Migrations, International Humanitarian Law |
| JEL: | J61 |
| Date: | 2021–04–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:106970&r=mig ;|
- Locked Down, Lashing Out:Situational Triggers and Hateful Behavior Towards
Minority EthnicImmigrants
| By: | DipoppaDipoppa (Stanford University);GuyGrossman (University
of Pennsylvania);Stephanie Zonszein (University of Pennsylvania) |
| Abstract: | Covid-19 caused a significant health and economic
crisis, a conditionidentified as conducive to stigmatization and hateful
behavior againstminority groups. It is however unclear whether the threat of
infectiontriggers violence in addition to stigmatization, and whether a
violentreaction can happen at the onset of an unexpected economic shock before
socialhierarchies can be disrupted. Using a novel database of hate crimes
acrossItaly, we show that (i) hate crimes against Asians increased
substantially atthe pandemic onset, and that (ii) the increase was concentrated
in cities withhigher expected unemployment, but not higher mortality. We then
examineindividual, local and national mobilization as mechanisms. We find that
(iii)local far-right institutions motivate hate crimes, while we find no
supportfor the role of individual prejudice and national discourse. Our
studyidentifies new conditions triggering hateful behavior, advancing
ourunderstanding of factors hindering migrant integration. |
| Keywords: | Italy; Hate Crimes; Intergroup violence; Prejudice;
Economiccrisis |
| JEL: | D74 D91G01 P46 |
| Date: | 2021–02 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pri:esocpu:23&r=mig ;|
- Resilience against thePandemic: the Impact of COVID-19 on Migration and
Household Welfare inTajikistan
| By: | Satoshi Shimizutani;EijiYamada |
| Abstract: | Tajikistan’s economy hinges heavily on remittance
inflows mainly fromRussiathat have exceeded a quarter of annual GDP in recent
years. The COVID-19pandemic is likely to have adverse effects on the economy
through damage tomigration and remittances. We use a unique monthly household
panel datasetthat covers the period both before and after the outbreak to
examine theimpacts of COVID-19 on a variety of household welfare outcomes. We
provideseveral brand-new findings. First, the adverse effects of the pandemic
wereparticularly pronounced in April and May in 2020 but gradually
diminishedafterward, with some indicators leveling out in autumn. Second, in
contrast toexpectation, the pandemic had a sharp but only transitory effect on
the stockof migrants working abroad in the spring. Some expected migrants were
forcedto remain in their home country during the border closures, while some of
theincumbent migrants expecting to return were not able to do so, and
remainedemployed in their destination countries. Both departures and returns
startedto increase again from summer. Employment and remittances of the
migrantsquickly recovered to levels seen in previous years, after a sharp
decline inApril and May. Third, regression analyses reveal that both migration
andremittances have helped to mitigate the negative economic outcomes at
homeduring the “with-COVID-19” period, suggesting that they served as a form
ofinsurance. Overall, the unfavorable effects of the COVID-19 pandemic
weresevere and temporary right after the outbreak, but households with
migrantswere more resilient against the pandemic. |
| Keywords: | COVID-19, remittance, migration, Tajikistan, household
welfare |
| Date: | 2021–01–19 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:jic:wpaper:218&r=mig ;|
- Weather, Climate, andMigration in the United States
| By: | JamieT. Mullins;Prashant Bharadwaj |
| Abstract: | Do people move as a result of temperature shocks?
Documenting weather as apush factor for migration is crucial for informing
policy related to climatechange and adaptation. This paper studies the impacts
of high-temperature dayson out-migration from counties in the US. We find that
outmigration respondsto long-term variation in temperatures, but not to the
short-term temperaturevariations that are commonly leveraged in the literature.
We provide evidenceconsistent with the idea that the effect of long-term
variation in temperatureis driven by changes in expectations regarding future
conditions, andspecifically climate change. |
| JEL: | Q0 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:28614&r=mig ;|
- Public Preferenceson Immigration in Japan
| By: | Toshihiro Okubo (Faculity of Economics, Keio University) |
| Abstract: | This paper examines the factors affecting Japanese
attitudes towardimmigration. Using individual-level survey data, we investigate
the impact ofboth economic/socioeconomic (cognitive) and noneconomic (or
noncognitive)factors, the latter including behavioral bias, communication
skills, socialstance and subjective well-being. The results indicate that
individualsthatare male, richer, more educated, younger and from smaller
families tend toagree with immigration. More importantly, noneconomic factors
also matter,with those that have lower time preference, better English language
skills andoverseas experience tending to be more positive to the perception
ofimmigration. In addition, individuals trusting neighborhoods rather than
thegovernment, that make donations to society and that keep in good health
tendto be more positive toward immigration. |
| Keywords: | Immigration, Non-cognitive factors, Household Survey,
Japan |
| JEL: | F16F22 |
| Date: | 2021–03–28 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:keo:dpaper:2021-005&r=mig ;|
- Another Brick in theWall. Immigration and Electoral Preferences: Direct
Evidence from StateBallots
| By: | Bargain, Olivier (University of Aix-Marseille II);Stephane,
Victor (GATE, University of Lyon);Valette, Jérôme (CES, University of Paris) |
| Abstract: | Using information on actual ballots rather than survey
data, we investigatethe impact of immigration on both electoral outcomes and
immigrant-relatedmotives underlying political preferences. We take advantage of
94 votes,namely 54 policy propositions and 40 elections for candidates, that
took placein Californian general elections between 2010 and 2018. We first
analyze howthe share of immigrants at the census tract level affects electoral
outcomes.We find that a rise in immigration is associated with a decrease in
people'ssupport for the Democratic party and for liberal measures. Using
propositiontopics, we show that this effect is driven by policies pertaining
toredistribution, public good provision and justice/crime, while
otherpropositions, less directly related to immigration are not impacted.
Theeffect is stronger when immigrants are less assimilated and originate
frompoor and culturally distant countries. |
| Keywords: | immigration, electoral outcomes |
| JEL: | F22D31 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14233&r=mig ;|
- Returns toInternational Migration: Evidence from a Bangladesh-Malaysia
VisaLottery
| By: | Mobarak, Ahmed Mushfiq (Yale University);Sharif,Iffath (World
Bank);Shrestha, Maheshwor (World Bank) |
| Abstract: | We follow 3,512 (of 1.4 million) applicants to a
government lottery thatrandomly allocated visas to Bangladeshis for
low-skilled, temporary laborcontracts in Malaysia. Most lottery winners
migrate, and their remittancesubstantially raises their family's standard of
living in Bangladesh. Themigrant's absence pauses demographic changes
(marriage, childbirth, householdformation), and shifts decision-making power
towards females. Migrationremoves enterprising individuals, lowering household
entrepreneurship, butdoes not crowd out other family members' labor supply. One
group of applicantswere offered deferred migration that never materialized.
Improved migrationprospects induce pre-migration investments in skills that
generate no returnsin the domestic market. |
| Keywords: | government-intermediated international migration |
| JEL: | F22 O12O15 |
| Date: | 2021–03 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14232&r=mig ;|
- Internal Migration andLabor Market Outcomes in Indonesia
| By: | TusharBharati (Business School, The University of Western
Australia);WinaYoman (Bain & Company) |
| Abstract: | We study the labor market effects of domestic migration
in Indonesia on theemployment outcomes of the natives and the migrants. To
address theendogeneity of migrants’ settlement decisions, we use the
information on thehistorical migration patterns from the Indonesian censuses to
construct aninternal migration version of the Bartik shift-share instrument.
Theinstrument, used widely in the study of international migration, is based
onthe observation that even within countries, migrants tend to move to
regionswith a large migrant population from their region of origin. However, if
themigration patterns are unchanged over time, past migration may affect
currentlabor market outcomes directly, violating the exclusion restriction.
Toovercome this, we use a multi-instrument approach that lets us account for
thelong-term effects of migration separately. We find that internal migration
isassociated with an increase in migrant employment and a decrease in
nativeemployment. Less-educated natives in loweducation regencies are
most-affected.The findings suggest that policies aiming to minimize the adverse
effects ofinternal migration should aim at improving the human capital
ofnatives. |
| Keywords: | shift-share instrument, internal migration, employment,
natives |
| JEL: | C36E24 J61 O15 R23 |
| Date: | 2021 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:uwa:wpaper:21-05&r=mig ;|
- InternationalMigration in Ireland, 2020. Report to the OECD Expert Group
onMigration
| By: | Philip J. O'Connell (UCD Geary Institute for Public
Policy,University College Dublin) |
| Abstract: | This working paper is the Irish report to the OECD
Expert Group onMigration.As such, the focus of the report is largely shaped by
the reportingrequirements for the preparation of the annual OECD International
MigrationOutlook. The purpose of the paper is to outline major developments and
trendsin migration and integration data and policy. The principal reference
year is2019, although information relating to early 2020 is included where
availableand relevant. The Executive Summary provides an overview of the main
findingsof the report. Section 2 discusses the main developments in migration
andintegration policy in Ireland in 2019. Section 3 discusses the statistics
oninward and outward migration movements. Section 4 examines trends in
thepopulation. Migration and the labour market are discussed in Section5. |
| Date: | 2021–03–12 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ucd:wpaper:202104&r=mig ;|
This nep-mig issue is ©2021 by Yuji Tamura. It is providedas is without any
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