----- Forwarded Message ----- From: Yuji Tamura <ernad@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>To:
"nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx" <nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>Sent: Monday, November 13,
2017, 4:39:52 AM GMT-5Subject: [nep-mig] 2017-11-12, 17 papers
|
| nep-mig | New EconomicsPapers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒11‒12
seventeen papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
This issue is sponsored by the journal “Structural Change and
EconomicDynamics”. It is calling for papers for a special issue on “Structural
Changes andCarbon Emissions in China”. Structural changes may concern the
relationshipbetween production and/or consumption and/or investment, the energy
mix,urbanization and/or inter-regional structure, import/export structure and
govermentpolicy. Findout more…
- Migration Policy: Lessons fromCooperativesMargit Osterloh; Bruno S. Frey
- Income Increase and Moving to aBetter Neighbourhood: An Enquiry into
Ethnic Differences inFinlandVaalavuo, Maria; van Ham, Maarten; Kauppinen, TimoM.
- Immigrants' Residential Choicesand Their ConsequencesAlbert, Christoph;
Monras, Joan
- Immigration, Unemployment andWages: New Causality Evidence from the United
KingdomCigdemBörke Tunali; Jan Fidrmuc; Nauro F. Campos
- THE ROLE OF COGNITIVE SKILLS ANDTHEIR USE AT WORK IN EXPLAINING THE
IMMIGRANT-NATIVE WAGEGAPMaryna Tverdostup, Tiiu Paas
- Goods and Factor MarketIntegration: A Quantitative Assessment of the
EUEnlargementLorenzo Caliendo; Luca David Opromolla; FernandoParro; Alessandro
Sforza
- The Effects of Deferred Action forChildhood Arrivals on the Educational
Outcomes of UndocumentedStudentsHsin, Amy; Ortega, Francesc
- Minimum Wages and the Labor MarketEffects of ImmigrationAnthony Edo;
Hillel Rapoport
- Migration and integrationexperiences of non-German European physicians in
GermanyCélineTeney; Regina Becker; Katharina Bürkin; Max Spengler
- The Impact of Immigration on WageDynamics: Evidence from the Algerian
Independence WarAnthonyEdo
- Taxing high-income earners: Taxavoidance and mobilityAlejandro
Esteller-Moré; Amedeo Piolatto;Matthew D. Rablen
- Migration, Congestion andGrowthLeonid V. Azarnert
- Forced migration andmortalityBauer, Thomas K.; Giesecke, Matthias;
Janisch, LauraM.
- The labour market impact ofrefugee wavesMichael A. Clemens; Jennifer Hunt
- Healthy Immigrant Effect orOver-Medicalization of Pregnancy? Evidence from
BirthCertificatesBertoli, P.; Grembi, V.; Kazakis, P.;
- Does Low Skilled Immigration CauseHuman Capital Polarization? Evidence
from ItalianProvincesBrunello, Giorgio; Lodigiani, Elisabetta; Rocco,Lorenzo
- Employment and Human CapitalInvestment Intentions among Recent Refugees in
GermanyPeterHaan; Martin Kroh; Kent Troutman
- Migration Policy:Lessons from Cooperatives
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Margit Osterloh ; Bruno S.Frey |
| We propose an immigration policy based on the model ofcooperatives.
Incoming migrants have toacquire a participation certificate. In exchange, the
immigrants may enter thecountry of choicewithout danger. The revenue goes to
the country of the recipient nation ratherthan to humansmugglers. The cost
would be much lower than today’s efforts to securethe borders. Asylumseekers
get back the money paid for the certificate. Immigration is therewithregulated
moreefficiently than today. Not all entrance barriers and coercive measures
toprevent illegal entrywould disappear. However, the pressure of illegal
migrants is stronglyreduced. |
| Keywords: | immigration, asylum,cooperatives, participation
certificates, borders |
| JEL: | D71 F22 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_6364&r=mig ;|
- Income Increaseand Moving to a Better Neighbourhood: An Enquiry into
Ethnic Differences inFinland
| Date: | 2017-10 |
| By: | Vaalavuo, Maria (National Institute for Health and Welfare) ;
vanHam, Maarten (Delft University of Technology) ; Kauppinen, Timo M. (National
Institute for Health and Welfare) |
| Concentration to disadvantaged neighbourhoods may hinderimmigrants'
opportunities for socialintegration, so equal chances of translating available
economic resources intomobility to lessdisadvantaged neighbourhoods are
important. This paper adds to existing researchon exits frompoor neighbourhoods
by focusing on the effects of income increase on residentialmobility. Weanalyse
intra-urban residential mobility from low-income neighbourhoods
intonon-low-incomeneighbourhoods among immigrants and native-born residents in
three urban regionsin Finland. Weuse longitudinal register data for the
2004–2014 period for the full Finnishpopulation, allowinga dynamic analysis of
changes in income and neighbourhood of residence. Based onmultinomial
logitmodelling of migration outcomes, we found that an increase in income
isassociated with movingboth to low-income and non-low-income areas even when
controlling for initialincome level. Upwardincome mobility was connected to
exit from low-income areas in a quite similarway amongimmigrants and
native-born Finns. The findings suggest that policies e.g.improving the
labourmarket opportunities of immigrants are effective in reduction of
residentialsegregation. However,we were not able to completely explain the
differences between native-born Finnsand immigrants inmoving patterns. The
differences between the cities were opposite for immigrantsand
native-bornFinns, corresponding to differences in immigration history and
levels of ethnicsegregation.Therefore, the local context matters for spatial
integration outcomes. |
| Keywords: | immigration, segregation, housing, residential mobility,
incomemobility, register data, Finland |
| JEL: | O15 O18 P25 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11076&r=mig ;|
- Immigrants'Residential Choices and Their Consequences
| Date: | 2017-10 |
| By: | Albert, Christoph (Pompeu Fabra University) ; Monras,Joan
(CEMFI, Madrid) |
| This paper investigates the causes and effects of thespatial
distribution of immigrants across UScities. We document that: a) immigrants
concentrate in large, high-wage, andexpensive cities, b)the earnings gap
between immigrants and natives is higher in larger and moreexpensive cities,
andc) immigrants consume less locally than natives. In order to explain
thesefindings, we develop asimple quantitative spatial equilibrium model in
which immigrants consume(either directly, viaremittances, or future
consumption) a fraction of their income in theircountries of origin.
Thus,immigrants not only care about local prices, but also about price levels
intheir home country.Hence, if foreign goods are cheaper than local goods,
immigrants prefer to livein high-wage,high-price, and high-productivity cities,
where they also accept lower wagesthan natives. Usingthe estimated model we
show that current levels of immigration have reducedeconomic activity
insmaller, less productive cities by around 3 percent, while they have
expandedthe activity inlarge and productive cities by around 4 percent. This
has increased totalaggregate output perworker by around 15 percent. |
| Keywords: | immigration, location choices, spatialequilibrium |
| JEL: | F22 J31 J61 R11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11075&r=mig ;|
- Immigration,Unemployment and Wages: New Causality Evidence from the
UnitedKingdom
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Cigdem Börke Tunali ; JanFidrmuc ; Nauro F. Campos |
| The vast literature on the effects of immigration on wagesand
employment is plagued by likelyendogeneity and aggregation biases. Ours is
among the first papers to addressboth of these issuesby means of causality
analysis and by accounting for human capital endowments.Our analysisconfirms
the previous finding of limited effect of immigration on unemploymentand wages
inaggregate analysis. We do find, however, evidence of distributional effects
whenaccounting forhuman capital of non-migrants. |
| Keywords: | immigration, unemployment, wages, UK,European Union |
| JEL: | F22 J21 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_6452&r=mig ;|
- THE ROLE OFCOGNITIVE SKILLS AND THEIR USE AT WORK IN EXPLAINING THE
IMMIGRANT-NATIVE WAGEGAP
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Maryna Tverdostup, Tiiu Paas |
| This paper analyses the immigrant-native wage gap andincorporates
cognitive skills to approximatean individual human capital profile. Based on
data from the Programme for theInternationalAssessment of Adult Competencies
(PIAAC) for 15 European countries, we documentthat on averageforeign-born
respondents achieve substantially worse scores in literacy andnumeracy test
domain,and the observed gap in cognitive skill declines over the period of
thehost-country stay. Theresults of the analysis show that once we account
additionally skill use at workin wageregressions, along with actual skill
level, no statistically significant gap inearnings acrossimmigrants and natives
remains. These findings indicate that, despite similarcognitive skilllevels and
background traits, immigrants and natives may apply their skills atwork to
differentextents, yielding a difference in their wage returns. Therefore,
disparity inskill use at workplays an important role in explaining the
immigrant-native wage gap. This leadsus to concludethat immigrants are not yet
sufficiently well integrated in European labourmarkets, and thepotential for
the development and application of their human capital is
stillunderutilised.Further policy measures should profoundly consider these
indications, takinginto account that therole of immigrants and their labour
supply is increasing remarkably in Europeansocieties. |
| Keywords: | migration, human capital, cognitive skills,PIAAC |
| JEL: | J15 J24 J31 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:mtk:febawb:104&r=mig ;|
- Goods and FactorMarket Integration: A Quantitative Assessment of the
EUEnlargement
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Lorenzo Caliendo ; Luca David Opromolla ; FernandoParro ;
Alessandro Sforza |
| The economic effects from labor market integration arecrucially
affected by the extent to whichcountries are open to trade. In this paper we
build a multi-country dynamicgeneral equilibriummodel with trade in goods and
labor mobility across countries to study andquantify the economiceffects of
trade and labor market integration. In our model trade is costly
andfeatureshouseholds of different skills and nationalities facing costly
forward-lookingrelocationdecisions. We use the EU Labour Force Survey to
construct migration ows by skilland nationalityacross 17 countries for the
period 2002-2007. We then exploit the timingvariation of the 2004 EUenlargement
to estimate the elasticity of migration ows to labor mobility costs,and to
identifythe change in labor mobility costs associated to the actual change in
policy. Weapply our modeland use these estimates, as well as the observed
changes in tariffs, to quantifythe effects fromthe EU enlargement. We find that
new member state countries are the largestwinners from the EUenlargement, and
in particular unskilled labor. We find smaller welfare gainsfor EU-15
countries.However, in the absence of changes to trade policy, the EU-15 would
have beenworse off after theenlargement. We study even further the interaction
effects between trade andmigration policiesand the role of different mechanisms
in shaping our results. Our resultshighlight the importanceof trade for the
quantification of the welfare and migration effects from labormarket
integration. |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_6600&r=mig ;|
- The Effects ofDeferred Action for Childhood Arrivals on the Educational
Outcomes ofUndocumented Students
| Date: | 2017-10 |
| By: | Hsin, Amy (Queens College, CUNY) ; Ortega, Francesc (Queens
College, CUNY) |
| Deferred Action for Childhood Arrivals (DACA) is the firstlarge-scale
immigration reform toaffect undocumented immigrants in the United States in
decades and offerseligible undocumentedyouth temporary relief from deportation
and renewable work permits. While DACAhas improved theeconomic conditions and
mental health of undocumented immigrants, we do not knowhow DACA improvesthe
social mobility of undocumented immigrants through its effect on
educationalattainment. Thispaper uses administrative data on students attending
a large public universityto estimate theeffect of DACA on undocumented
students' educational outcomes. The data areunique because theyaccurately
identify students' legal status, account for individualheterogeneity, and
allowseparate analysis of students attending community colleges
versusbaccalaureate-granting, 4-yearcolleges. Results from
difference-in-difference estimates demonstrate that as atemporarywork-permit
program, DACA incentivizes work over educational investments butthat the effect
ofDACA on educational investments depends on how easily colleges
accommodateworking students. At4-year colleges, DACA induces undocumented
students to make binary choicesbetween attendingschool on a full-time basis or
dropping out of school to work. At communitycolleges, undocumentedstudents have
the flexibility to simply reduce course work to accommodateincreased work
hours.Overall, the results suggest that the precarious and temporary nature of
DACAcreates barriers toeducational investments. |
| Keywords: | immigration, undocumented immigration, education,
Deferred Actionfor Childhood Arrivals, natural experiment |
| JEL: | J15J24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11078&r=mig ;|
- Minimum Wages andthe Labor Market Effects of Immigration
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Anthony Edo ; HillelRapoport |
| We exploit the non-linearity in the level of minimum wagesacross US
States created by thecoexistence of federal and state regulations to
investigate how minimum wagesaffect the labormarket impact of immigration. We
find that the effects of immigration on labormarket outcomes ofnative workers
within a given state-skill cell are more negative in U.S. Stateswith low
minimumwages (i.e., where the federal minimum wage is binding). The results are
robustto instrumentingimmigration as well as state minimum wages, and to
implementing adifference-in-differencesstrategy comparing U.S. States where
effective minimum wages are fullydetermined by federalstandards over the whole
period considered (2000-2013) to U.S. States where thisis never thecase. Our
results therefore underline the important role played by minimum wagesin
mitigating anyadverse labor market effects of immigration. |
| Keywords: | immigration, minimum wage, labor market |
| JEL: | F22J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_6547&r=mig ;|
- Migration andintegration experiences of non-German European physicians
inGermany
| Date: | 2017-10 |
| By: | Céline Teney (Universität Bremen, SOCIUM and ZenTra) ;
ReginaBecker (Universität Bremen, SOCIUM and ZenTra) ; Katharina Bürkin
(Universität Bremen, SOCIUM and ZenTra) ; MaxSpengler (Universität Bremen,
SOCIUM and ZenTra) |
| This working paper presents the initial results of ourrepresentative
survey of physicians workingin Germany who are non-German EU citizens and who
have recently immigrated toGermany (N: 1712).We address the education and
training obtained by respondents by investigatingthe country inwhich they
completed their medical studies and specialist training as well astheir field
ofspecialisation. We then focus on various topics relating specifically
tomigration, such as thereasons for leaving the country of origin or for
immigrating to Germany andother factors that mayhave had an influence on their
migration decision. Third, we provide adescription of the workingconditions of
the non-German EU physicians surveyed, including theirprofessional positions
andconditions of work as well as subjective evaluations of the
professionalsituation. We thendescribe aspects of the socio-cultural
integration of European physicians, suchas social networksin Germany and
feelings of belonging. This working paper ends with an assessmentof the
non-GermanEU physicians´ intentions to remain in Germany or plans to immigrate
to anothercountry or returnto the country of origin. |
| Keywords: | intra-EU immigration,highly skilled immigration,
physicians, Germany, survey |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zen:wpaper:76&r=mig ;|
- The Impact ofImmigration on Wage Dynamics: Evidence from the Algerian
IndependenceWar
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Anthony Edo |
| This paper investigates the dynamics of wage adjustment toan exogenous
increase in labor supplyby exploiting the sudden and unexpected inflow of
repatriates to France createdby theindependence of Algeria in 1962. I track the
impact of this particular supplyshift on the averagewage of pre-existing native
workers across French regions in 1962, 1968 and1976. I find thatregional wages
decline between 1962 and 1968, before returning to theirpre-shock level 15
yearsafter. While regional wages recovered, this particular supply shock
hadpersistent distributionaleffects. By increasing the relative supply of high
educated workers, the inflowof repatriatescontributed to the reduction of wage
inequality between high and low educatednative workers overthe whole period
considered (1962-1976). |
| Keywords: | labor supply shock, wages, immigration,natural
experiment |
| JEL: | F22 J21 J61 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_6595&r=mig ;|
- Taxinghigh-income earners: Tax avoidance and mobility
| Date: | 2017-11 |
| By: | Alejandro Esteller-Moré (IEB, Universitat de Barcelona)
;AmedeoPiolatto (IEB, Universitat de Barcelona) ; Matthew D. Rablen (University
of Sheffield) |
| The taxation of high-income earners is of importance toevery country
and is the subject of aconsiderable amount of recent academic research. Such
high-income earnerscontribute substantialamounts of tax and generate
significant positive spillovers, but are also highlymobile: a 1%increase in the
top marginal income tax rate increases outmigrations by around1.5 to 3%.
Wereview research into taxation of high-income earners to provide a synthesis
ofexistingtheoretical and empirical understanding. We offer various avenues for
potentialfuture theoreticaland empirical research. |
| Keywords: | High-income earners, mobility, taxavoidance |
| JEL: | H26 H31 K34 K42 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:xrp:wpaper:xreap2017-06&r=mig ;|
- Migration,Congestion and Growth
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Leonid V. Azarnert |
| This article analyzes the effect of migration from a lessadvanced
economy to a more advancedeconomy on economic growth. The analysis is performed
in a two-country growthmodel withendogenous fertility, in which congestion
diseconomies are incorporated. Themodel shows thatout-migration increases
fertility and reduces human capital in the sourceeconomy. At the sametime,
in-migration reduces fertility and can increase or decrease the averagelevel of
humancapital in the host economy. I show how migration affects the
inter-temporalevolution of humancapital in the world economy. I also
demonstrate that a tax imposed onimmigrants in the hosteconomy can increase
human capital accumulation in the receiving and sendingeconomies and theworld
as a whole. |
| Keywords: | migration, congestion diseconomies, fertility, human
capital, growth, braindrain, brain dilution tax |
| JEL: | D30 F22 J10 O00 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ces:ceswps:_6508&r=mig ;|
- Forced migrationand mortality
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Bauer, Thomas K. ; Giesecke, Matthias ; Janisch, Laura M. |
| We examine the long-run effects of forced migration fromEastern Europe
into postwar Germany.Existing evidence suggests that displaced individuals are
worse offeconomically, facing aconsiderably lower income and a higher
unemployment risk than comparable nativeseven twenty yearsafter being expelled.
We extend this literature by investigating the relativeperformance offorced
migrants across the entire life cycle. Using social security records
thatdocument theexact date of death and a proxy for pre-retirement lifetime
earnings, weestimate a significantlyand considerably higher mortality risk
among forced migrants compared to nativeWest-Germans. Theadverse displacement
effect persists throughout the earnings distribution exceptfor the topquintile.
Although forced migrants are generally worse off regarding mortalityoutcomes,
thosewith successful labor market histories seem to overcome the longlasting
negativeconsequences offlight and expulsion. |
| Keywords: | forcedmigration,differential mortality,lifetime
earnings,economichistory |
| JEL: | I12 J61 O15 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:rwirep:713&r=mig ;|
- The labour marketimpact of refugee waves
| Date: | 2017-10 |
| By: | Michael A. Clemens ; JenniferHunt |
| Recent research has challenged the consensus that suddeninflows of
refugees have little or noimpact on natives' wages and employment, claiming
instead that there areuniformly largedetrimental effects on natives without
school qualifications. Michael Clemensand Jennifer Huntdemonstrate the flaws in
this analysis: the labour market impact of immigrationis small even onnatives
with low skill levels. |
| Keywords: | refugees, immigration, instrumentalvariables |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:cep:cepcnp:519&r=mig ;|
- Healthy ImmigrantEffect or Over-Medicalization of Pregnancy? Evidence from
BirthCertificates
| Date: | 2017-11 |
| By: | Bertoli, P.; Grembi, V.; Kazakis, P.; |
| We investigate the consumption of health care by immigrantsby using
newborn- and motherlevel datafrom birth certificates. We use a predictive
algorithm based on machine learningto identify theobservables affecting birth
health outcomes and the use of prenatal care. Usingthese observables,our
empirical analysis pinpoints an advantage of immigrants over nativesregarding
newborns’birth weight and a lower use of prenatal care and of c-sections by
immigrantmothers. Todisentangle the healthy immigrant effect explanation for
our results from anover-medicalizationof pregnancy explanation, we use an IV
approach. Our results support theover-medicalization ofpregnancy hypothesis. |
| Keywords: | Healthy ImmigrantEffect; Deliveries; Prenatal Care;
Consumption of Health care; |
| JEL: | I12 I14 J15 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:yor:hectdg:17/26&r=mig ;|
- Does Low SkilledImmigration Cause Human Capital Polarization? Evidence
from ItalianProvinces
| Date: | 2017-10 |
| By: | Brunello, Giorgio (University of Padova) ; Lodigiani,
Elisabetta (University of Padova) ; Rocco,Lorenzo (University of Padova) |
| While there is a vast literature considering the labourmarket effects
of immigration, less hasbeen done to investigate how immigration affects the
educational choices ofyoung natives. UsingItalian provincial data and an
instrumental variables strategy, we show that therecent increasein the
immigration of low skilled labour has produced human capitalpolarization, i.e.
thecontemporaneous increase in the share of natives with less than high school
andnot enrolled inschool and in the share with a college degree or enrolled in
college. Thisevidence is strongerfor males than for females. We adapt the
standard Card's model of educationalchoice and spell outunder what conditions
human capital polarization occurs. We estimate wageequations by gender andfind
that these conditions are satisfied, especially for Italianmales. |
| Keywords: | low skilled, immigration, human capital,Italy |
| JEL: | J26 H55 J21 J14 J11 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:iza:izadps:dp11062&r=mig ;|
- Employment andHuman Capital Investment Intentions among Recent Refugees
inGermany
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Peter Haan ; MartinKroh ; Kent Troutman |
| Motivations to participate in the labour market as well asto invest in
labour market skills arecrucial forthe successful integration of refugees. In
this paper we use a uniquedataset – theIAB-BAMF-SOEPRefugee Survey, which is a
representative longitudinal study of allrefugees reportedon
administrativerecords in Germany – and analyse which determinants
andcharacteristics arecorrelated with highmotivation and intention to
participate in the labourmarket. We find thatoverall men have a strongintention
to work and to invest in human capital. Theresult for women isdifferent: among
women,having children, lack of German language skills, andhaving no
previouswork experience significantlyand consistently correlate with lower
expectationsand intentions offuture economic integration.Furthermore, we find a
significant relationshipbetween the degree oftraditional or patriarchal views
ofwomen’s societal roles, and ourcorresponding outcomes ofinterest. |
| JEL: | F22 J22 J24 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:diw:diwsop:diw_sp937&r=mig ;|
This nep-mig issue comes without anyexpress or implied warranty. You may
contact the editor by reply to thismail. General information on the NEP project
can be found at http://nep.repec.org. For comments please writeto the director ;
of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director @ nep pointrepec point org >.The
infrastructure of NEP is sponsored by the School of Economics and
Finance,Massey University, NewZealand.Use
http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-migto sign ;
off._______________________________________________
nep-mig mailing list
nep-mig@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
http://lists.repec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nep-mig
