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Sent: Monday, April 10, 2017 1:56 AM
Subject: [nep-mig] 2017-04-09, 8 papers
nep-mig 2017-04-09 papers
|
| nep-mig | New Economics Papers |
| on Economics of Human Migration |
| Issue of 2017‒04‒09
eight papers chosen by
Yuji Tamura
La Trobe University
http://econpapers.repec.org/pta90
| |
- The effect of land inheritance on youth employment and migration
decisions: Evidence from rural Ethiopia:Kosec, Katrina; Ghebru, Hosaena;
Holtemeyer, Brian; Mueller, Valerie; Schmidt, Emily
- Remain single or live together: Does culture matter?Marcén, Miriam;
Morales, Marina
- Decomposing culture: An analysis of gender, language, and labor supply in
the householdGay, Victor; Hicks, Daniel L.; Santacreu-Vasut, Estefania; Shoham,
Amir
- Validating the Immigration Policies in Comparison (IMPIC) datasetSchmid,
Samuel D.; Helbling, Marc
- The Earnings of Undocumented ImmigrantsGeorge J. Borjas
- Labour market impact of internal in-migration: A district level analysis
of South AfricaUmakrishnan Kollamparambil
- Recent Development of Labor Mobility in the EU: Comparative Study on the
British and German CasesKang, Yoo-Duk; Lim, You-Jin
- Transnational migration of domestic and care workers in Asia PacificPeng,
Ito.
- The effect of land inheritance on youth employment and migration
decisions: Evidence from rural Ethiopia:
| Date: | 2017 |
| By: | Kosec, Katrina ; Ghebru, Hosaena ; Holtemeyer, Brian ;
Mueller, Valerie ; Schmidt, Emily |
| In Ethiopia, there are two binding forces (push and pull) that deserve
attention when it comes to youth occupational and spatial mobility choices and
the national land use and transfer policy. On the one hand, the fact that the
land rental market in Ethiopia is supply constrained due to market and policy
distortions marginalizes youth and serves as a push factor leading them to look
elsewhere for a livelihood strategy. On the other hand, the regulatory
conditions and restrictions attached to land use and inheritance rights may
serve as a pull factor and force youth to be tied to the rural and/or farming
sector. Our study thus aims to explore how youth land access (both inheritance
and market-based) affects their migration and employment decisions. We explore
this question in the context of rural Ethiopia using panel data from 2010 and
2014. We find that larger expected land inheritances significantly lower the
likelihood of long-distance permanent migration and of permanent migration to
urban areas during this time. Inheriting more land is also associated with a
significantly higher likelihood of employment in agriculture and a lower
likelihood of employment in the nonagricultural sector. Conversely, the
decision to attend school is unaffected. These results appear to be most
heavily driven by males and by the older half of our youth sample. We also find
several mediating factors matter. Land inheritance plays a much more pronounced
role in predicting rural-to-urban permanent migration and
nonagricultural-sector employment in areas with less vibrant land markets and
in relatively remote areas (those far from major urban centers). Overall, the
results reaffirm the notion that push factors dominate pull factors in
dictating occupational and migration decisions in Ethiopia and highlight youth
preferences to use migration or non-agricultural employment as a last resort
after exhausting other means of accessing land, such as temporary land rental. |
| Keywords: | ETHIOPIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA,
agriculture; employment; migration; youth, land inheritance, |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:esspwp:104&r=mig ;|
- Remain single or live together: Does culture matter?
| Date: | 2017-03-17 |
| By: | Marcén, Miriam ; Morales, Marina |
| This paper studies the role of culture in determining the decision to
live together (as married or unmarried couples). To examine this issue, we
utilize data on first-generation immigrants who arrived to the United States at
or before the age of 5. We follow the epidemiological approach, indicating that
the dissimilarities in the behavior of young-arrival immigrants originating
from different countries, who grew up and live in the same country, can be
interpreted as evidence of the existence of a cultural effect. Results show a
positive and statistically significant relationship between the cultural proxy,
that is, the proportion of individuals living together by country of origin,
and the immigrant choice of living with a partner. We extend this analysis to
the examination of both married and unmarried cohabitation, separately, and to
an exploration of the formation of same- or different-origin couples. In all
cases, our findings suggest an important role of culture. The results are
robust after controlling for several home-country observable and unobservable
characteristics, and to the use of different subsamples. With respect to the
transmission of culture, we show empirical evidence of horizontal transmission
of culture. |
| Keywords: | Culture, Immigrants, Live together, Marriage,
Cohabitation |
| JEL: | J12 J15 Z13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77623&r=mig ;|
- Decomposing culture: An analysis of gender, language, and labor supply in
the household
| Date: | 2017-03-18 |
| By: | Gay, Victor ; Hicks, Daniel L. ; Santacreu-Vasut, Estefania ;
Shoham, Amir |
| Despite broad progress in closing many dimensions of the gender gap
around the globe, recent research has shown that traditional gender roles can
still exert a large influence on female labor force participation, even in
developed economies. This paper empirically analyzes the role of culture in
determining the labor market engagement of women within the context of
collective models of household decision making. In particular, we use the
epidemiological approach to study the relationship between gender in language
and labor market participation among married female immigrants to the U.S. We
show that the presence of gender in language can act as a marker for culturally
acquired gender roles and that these roles are important determinants of
household labor allocations. Female immigrants who speak a language with
sex-based grammatical rules exhibit lower labor force participation, hours
worked, and weeks worked. Our strategy of isolating one component of culture
reveals that roughly two thirds of this relationship can be explained by
correlated cultural factors, including the role of bargaining power in the
household and the impact of ethnic enclaves, and that at most one third is
potentially explained by language having a causal impact. |
| Keywords: | Culture, Female labor force participation, Immigrants,
Language structure, Grammar |
| JEL: | J16 J22 J61 Z13 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77637&r=mig ;|
- Validating the Immigration Policies in Comparison (IMPIC) dataset
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Schmid, Samuel D. ; Helbling, Marc |
| The aim of this paper is to discuss the external and internal validity
of the newly created Immigration Policies in Comparison (IMPIC) dataset. After
presenting its theoretical conceptualization, we compare the IMPIC to other
datasets in this policy field. Next, using a variant of principal component
analysis, we empirically analyze its sub-dimensions. Among other things, and
contrary to some expectations in the extant literature, we find that there
appears to be a comprehensive and consistent dimension comprising immigration
policies for the fields of labor migration, family reunification, and asylum
seekers. We also offer two typologies, which can be used to map the most
important dimensions of variation. These validity tests allow us to better
understand what the IMPIC dataset measures, what its main dimensions are, and
how it can be compared to other indices that measure immigration policies. |
| Keywords: | immigration policy,open borders,internal
validity,external validity,principal component analysis,index-building |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wzbdiv:spvi2016202&r=mig ;|
- The Earnings of Undocumented Immigrants
| Date: | 2017-03 |
| By: | George J. Borjas |
| Over 11 million undocumented persons reside in the United States, and
there has been a heated debate over the impact of legislative or executive
efforts to regularize the status of this population. This paper examines the
determinants of earnings for undocumented workers. Using newly developed
methods that impute undocumented status for foreign-born persons sampled in
microdata surveys, the study documents a number of findings. First, the
age-earnings profile of undocumented workers lies far below that of legal
immigrants and of native workers, and is almost perfectly flat during the prime
working years. Second, the unadjusted gap in the log hourly wage between
undocumented workers and natives is very large (around 40 percent), but half of
this gap disappears once the calculation adjusts for differences in observable
socioeconomic characteristics, particularly educational attainment. Finally,
the adjusted wage of undocumented workers rose rapidly in the past decade. As a
result, there was a large decline in the wage penalty associated with
undocumented status. The relatively small magnitude of the current wage penalty
suggests that a regularization program may only have a modest impact on the
wage of undocumented workers. |
| JEL: | J31 J61 J68 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23236&r=mig ;|
- Labour market impact of internal in-migration: A district level analysis
of South Africa
| Date: | 2017-02 |
| By: | Umakrishnan Kollamparambil |
| Despite the lack of clarity in literature with regards to the question
of whether internal in-migration is a desirable phenomenon for the labor market
outcomes, in-migration is often resisted under the premise that it leads to
tighter job markets for the locals. This study therefore attempts an empirical
verification of the impact of in-migration on labour market outcomes in South
Africa. The results of dynamic system GMM regression analysis indicate that
in-migration decreases the labour market participation rate of the migrant
receiving districts, highlighting migration for non-economic purposes as well
as discouraged migrants not seeking work post-migration. While In-migration is
not found to alter significantly the employment rate of the receiving areas,
indications are that the employment rate is maintained through an expansion of
the informal wage employment. There is evidence of non-linear relationship
between in-migration and the labour markets of the receiving areas. While
initial migration results in the expansion of the formal sector employment,
sustained increase in in-migration leads to informalisation of the labour
markets. There is hence little evidence of positive self-selection among
internal migrants in South Africa. Our results corroborate the Harris-Todaro
model’s prediction that in-migration leads to increased informal sector share
of the labour markets. |
| Keywords: | internal migration, labour markets, unemployment,
informal sector, Self-employment |
| JEL: | J61 O17 R23 |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:667&r=mig ;|
- Recent Development of Labor Mobility in the EU: Comparative Study on the
British and German Cases
| Date: | 2016-03-23 |
| By: | Kang, Yoo-Duk (Korea Institute for International Economic
Policy) ; Lim, You-Jin (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy) |
| A new trend of labor mobility has been emerging amid the varying
economic conditions among EU members. Since the global financial crisis there
have been diverging trends in labor market conditions in Europe. The
unemployment rate in Southern Europe still remains at its record high, while
Northern Europe maintains a relatively stable employment figure. Such diverging
labor market conditions have been reflected on the labor movement within the
EU. Countries such as Germany and the UK attract more immigrants to their job
markets, while southern countries become 'net exporters' of their labor to
other parts of Europe. A number of studies conclude that labor mobility within
the EU is determined by income differences between the migrant departing and
hosting countries. The distinctive business cycles between countries (i.e.
unemployment gaps) are insufficient for explaining the intra-European labor
movement. These empirical facts were well spotlighted under the arguments of an
optimal currency area (OCA); the lack of labor mobility within the Euro area
suggests that it is far from being qualified as an OCA. It was hardly expected
that labor mobility would work as an 'absorber' in the face of asymmetric
shocks. However, recent observations show that internal migration within the EU
has been increasingly affected by the difference in unemployment rates between
countries. |
| Keywords: | Labor Mobility; EU; Migration; British; German |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2016_008&r=mig ;|
- Transnational migration of domestic and care workers in Asia Pacific
| Date: | 2016 |
| By: | Peng, Ito. |
| Keywords: | international migration, migrant worker, domestic
worker, care worker, migration policy, East Asia, South East Asia |
| URL: | http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:994940891402676&r=mig ;
|
This nep-mig issue comes without any express or implied warranty. You may
contact the editor by reply to this mail.General information on the NEP project
can be found at http://nep.repec.org. For comments please write to the director ;
of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director @ nep point repec point org >.Use
http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-mig to sign ;
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http://lists.repec.org/cgi-bin/mailman/listinfo/nep-mignep-mig New Economics Papers on Economics of Human Migration
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
Issue of 2017â04â09 â
eight papers chosen by â
Yuji Tamura (La Trobe â
University) â
â
â
http://ep.repec.org/pta90 â
âââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. The effect of land inheritance on youth employment and migration decisions:
Evidence from rural Ethiopia:
Kosec, Katrina; Ghebru, Hosaena; Holtemeyer, Brian; Mueller, Valerie;
Schmidt, Emily
2. Remain single or live together: Does culture matter?
Marcén, Miriam; Morales, Marina
3. Decomposing culture: An analysis of gender, language, and labor supply in
the household
Gay, Victor; Hicks, Daniel L.; Santacreu-Vasut, Estefania; Shoham, Amir
4. Validating the Immigration Policies in Comparison (IMPIC) dataset
Schmid, Samuel D.; Helbling, Marc
5. The Earnings of Undocumented Immigrants
George J. Borjas
6. Labour market impact of internal in-migration: A district level analysis of
South Africa
Umakrishnan Kollamparambil
7. Recent Development of Labor Mobility in the EU: Comparative Study on the
British and German Cases
Kang, Yoo-Duk; Lim, You-Jin
8. Transnational migration of domestic and care workers in Asia Pacific
Peng, Ito.
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
1. The effect of land inheritance on youth employment and migration decisions:
Evidence from rural Ethiopia:
Kosec, Katrina
Ghebru, Hosaena
Holtemeyer, Brian
Mueller, Valerie
Schmidt, Emily
In Ethiopia, there are two binding forces (push and pull) that deserve
attention when it comes to youth occupational and spatial mobility choices
and the national land use and transfer policy. On the one hand, the fact that
the land rental market in Ethiopia is supply constrained due to market and
policy distortions marginalizes youth and serves as a push factor leading
them to look elsewhere for a livelihood strategy. On the other hand, the
regulatory conditions and restrictions attached to land use and inheritance
rights may serve as a pull factor and force youth to be tied to the rural
and/or farming sector. Our study thus aims to explore how youth land access
(both inheritance and market-based) affects their migration and employment
decisions. We explore this question in the context of rural Ethiopia using
panel data from 2010 and 2014. We find that larger expected land inheritances
significantly lower the likelihood of long-distance permanent migration and
of permanent migration to urban areas during this time. Inheriting more land
is also associated with a significantly higher likelihood of employment in
agriculture and a lower likelihood of employment in the nonagricultural
sector. Conversely, the decision to attend school is unaffected. These
results appear to be most heavily driven by males and by the older half of
our youth sample. We also find several mediating factors matter. Land
inheritance plays a much more pronounced role in predicting rural-to-urban
permanent migration and nonagricultural-sector employment in areas with less
vibrant land markets and in relatively remote areas (those far from major
urban centers). Overall, the results reaffirm the notion that push factors
dominate pull factors in dictating occupational and migration decisions in
Ethiopia and highlight youth preferences to use migration or non-agricultural
employment as a last resort after exhausting other means of accessing land,
such as temporary land rental.
Keywords: ETHIOPIA; EAST AFRICA; AFRICA SOUTH OF SAHARA; AFRICA,
agriculture; employment; migration; youth, land inheritance,
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:fpr:esspwp:104&r=mig
2. Remain single or live together: Does culture matter?
Marcén, Miriam
Morales, Marina
This paper studies the role of culture in determining the decision to live
together (as married or unmarried couples). To examine this issue, we utilize
data on first-generation immigrants who arrived to the United States at or
before the age of 5. We follow the epidemiological approach, indicating that
the dissimilarities in the behavior of young-arrival immigrants originating
from different countries, who grew up and live in the same country, can be
interpreted as evidence of the existence of a cultural effect. Results show a
positive and statistically significant relationship between the cultural
proxy, that is, the proportion of individuals living together by country of
origin, and the immigrant choice of living with a partner. We extend this
analysis to the examination of both married and unmarried cohabitation,
separately, and to an exploration of the formation of same- or
different-origin couples. In all cases, our findings suggest an important
role of culture. The results are robust after controlling for several
home-country observable and unobservable characteristics, and to the use of
different subsamples. With respect to the transmission of culture, we show
empirical evidence of horizontal transmission of culture.
Keywords: Culture, Immigrants, Live together, Marriage, Cohabitation
JEL: J12 J15 Z13
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77623&r=mig
3. Decomposing culture: An analysis of gender, language, and labor supply in
the household
Gay, Victor
Hicks, Daniel L.
Santacreu-Vasut, Estefania
Shoham, Amir
Despite broad progress in closing many dimensions of the gender gap around
the globe, recent research has shown that traditional gender roles can still
exert a large influence on female labor force participation, even in
developed economies. This paper empirically analyzes the role of culture in
determining the labor market engagement of women within the context of
collective models of household decision making. In particular, we use the
epidemiological approach to study the relationship between gender in language
and labor market participation among married female immigrants to the U.S. We
show that the presence of gender in language can act as a marker for
culturally acquired gender roles and that these roles are important
determinants of household labor allocations. Female immigrants who speak a
language with sex-based grammatical rules exhibit lower labor force
participation, hours worked, and weeks worked. Our strategy of isolating one
component of culture reveals that roughly two thirds of this relationship can
be explained by correlated cultural factors, including the role of bargaining
power in the household and the impact of ethnic enclaves, and that at most
one third is potentially explained by language having a causal impact.
Keywords: Culture, Female labor force participation, Immigrants, Language
structure, Grammar
JEL: J16 J22 J61 Z13
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:pra:mprapa:77637&r=mig
4. Validating the Immigration Policies in Comparison (IMPIC) dataset
Schmid, Samuel D.
Helbling, Marc
The aim of this paper is to discuss the external and internal validity of the
newly created Immigration Policies in Comparison (IMPIC) dataset. After
presenting its theoretical conceptualization, we compare the IMPIC to other
datasets in this policy field. Next, using a variant of principal component
analysis, we empirically analyze its sub-dimensions. Among other things, and
contrary to some expectations in the extant literature, we find that there
appears to be a comprehensive and consistent dimension comprising immigration
policies for the fields of labor migration, family reunification, and asylum
seekers. We also offer two typologies, which can be used to map the most
important dimensions of variation. These validity tests allow us to better
understand what the IMPIC dataset measures, what its main dimensions are, and
how it can be compared to other indices that measure immigration policies.
Keywords: immigration policy,open borders,internal validity,external
validity,principal component analysis,index-building
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:zbw:wzbdiv:spvi2016202&r=mig
5. The Earnings of Undocumented Immigrants
George J. Borjas
Over 11 million undocumented persons reside in the United States, and there
has been a heated debate over the impact of legislative or executive efforts
to regularize the status of this population. This paper examines the
determinants of earnings for undocumented workers. Using newly developed
methods that impute undocumented status for foreign-born persons sampled in
microdata surveys, the study documents a number of findings. First, the
age-earnings profile of undocumented workers lies far below that of legal
immigrants and of native workers, and is almost perfectly flat during the
prime working years. Second, the unadjusted gap in the log hourly wage
between undocumented workers and natives is very large (around 40 percent),
but half of this gap disappears once the calculation adjusts for differences
in observable socioeconomic characteristics, particularly educational
attainment. Finally, the adjusted wage of undocumented workers rose rapidly
in the past decade. As a result, there was a large decline in the wage
penalty associated with undocumented status. The relatively small magnitude
of the current wage penalty suggests that a regularization program may only
have a modest impact on the wage of undocumented workers.
JEL: J31 J61 J68
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:nbr:nberwo:23236&r=mig
6. Labour market impact of internal in-migration: A district level analysis of
South Africa
Umakrishnan Kollamparambil
Despite the lack of clarity in literature with regards to the question of
whether internal in-migration is a desirable phenomenon for the labor market
outcomes, in-migration is often resisted under the premise that it leads to
tighter job markets for the locals. This study therefore attempts an
empirical verification of the impact of in-migration on labour market
outcomes in South Africa. The results of dynamic system GMM regression
analysis indicate that in-migration decreases the labour market participation
rate of the migrant receiving districts, highlighting migration for
non-economic purposes as well as discouraged migrants not seeking work
post-migration. While In-migration is not found to alter significantly the
employment rate of the receiving areas, indications are that the employment
rate is maintained through an expansion of the informal wage employment.
There is evidence of non-linear relationship between in-migration and the
labour markets of the receiving areas. While initial migration results in the
expansion of the formal sector employment, sustained increase in in-migration
leads to informalisation of the labour markets. There is hence little
evidence of positive self-selection among internal migrants in South Africa.
Our results corroborate the Harris-Todaro modelââ¬â¢s prediction that
in-migration leads to increased informal sector share of the labour markets.
Keywords: internal migration, labour markets, unemployment, informal
sector, Self-employment
JEL: J61 O17 R23
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:rza:wpaper:667&r=mig
7. Recent Development of Labor Mobility in the EU: Comparative Study on the
British and German Cases
Kang, Yoo-Duk (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)
Lim, You-Jin (Korea Institute for International Economic Policy)
A new trend of labor mobility has been emerging amid the varying economic
conditions among EU members. Since the global financial crisis there have
been diverging trends in labor market conditions in Europe. The unemployment
rate in Southern Europe still remains at its record high, while Northern
Europe maintains a relatively stable employment figure. Such diverging labor
market conditions have been reflected on the labor movement within the EU.
Countries such as Germany and the UK attract more immigrants to their job
markets, while southern countries become 'net exporters' of their labor to
other parts of Europe. A number of studies conclude that labor mobility
within the EU is determined by income differences between the migrant
departing and hosting countries. The distinctive business cycles between
countries (i.e. unemployment gaps) are insufficient for explaining the
intra-European labor movement. These empirical facts were well spotlighted
under the arguments of an optimal currency area (OCA); the lack of labor
mobility within the Euro area suggests that it is far from being qualified as
an OCA. It was hardly expected that labor mobility would work as an
'absorber' in the face of asymmetric shocks. However, recent observations
show that internal migration within the EU has been increasingly affected by
the difference in unemployment rates between countries.
Keywords: Labor Mobility; EU; Migration; British; German
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ris:kiepwe:2016_008&r=mig
8. Transnational migration of domestic and care workers in Asia Pacific
Peng, Ito.
Keywords: international migration, migrant worker, domestic worker, care
worker, migration policy, East Asia, South East Asia
URL: http://d.repec.org/n?u=RePEc:ilo:ilowps:994940891402676&r=mig
ââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââââ
This nep-mig issue comes without any express or implied warranty. You may
contact the editor by reply to this mail.
General information on the NEP project can be found at http://nep.repec.org. ;
For comments please write to the director of NEP, Marco Novarese at < director
@ nep point repec point org >.
Use http://lists.repec.org/mailman/options/nep-mig to sign off.
