[co_inspiracion] Fwd: Income inequality and health: A causal review

From: Mario Parada <mario.parada@xxxxx>
To: co_inspiracion@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Date: Mon, 16 Mar 2015 16:07:01 -0300
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From: equity-PAHO <equity@xxxxxxxx>
Date: 2015-03-16 11:28 GMT-03:00
Subject: Income inequality and health: A causal review
To: EQUIDAD@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx


 *[PAHO/WHO Equity list & Knowledge network]*



*Income inequality and health: A causal review*

Kate E. Pickett, Richard G. Wilkinson



*Social Science & Medicine, *128(2015), 316-326

Published: *March 2015*



*Abstract / **Resumen:*

There is a very large literature examining income inequality in relation to
health. Early reviews came to different interpretations of the evidence,
though a large majority of studies reported that health tended to be worse
in more unequal societies. More recent studies, not included in those
reviews, provide substantial new evidence. Our purpose in this paper is to
assess whether or not wider income differences play a causal role leading
to worse health. We conducted a literature review within an epidemiological
causal framework and inferred the likelihood of a causal relationship
between income inequality and health (including violence) by considering
the evidence as a whole. The body of evidence strongly

suggests that income inequality affects population health and wellbeing.
The major causal criteria of temporality, biological plausibility,
consistency and lack of alternative explanations are well supported. Of the
small minority of studies which find no association, most can be explained
by income inequality being measured at an inappropriate scale, the
inclusion of mediating variables as controls, the use of subjective rather
than objective measures of health, or follow up periods which are too
short. The evidence that large income differences have damaging health and
social consequences is strong and in most countries inequality is
increasing. Narrowing the gap will improve the health and wellbeing of
populations.



*Key Points: *Evidence that income inequality is associated with worse
health is reviewed. It meets established epidemiological and other
scientific criteria for causality. The causal processes may extend to
violence and other problems with social gradients. Reducing income
inequality will improve population health and wellbeing.



*Keywords / **Palabras clave:*

Income Distribution; Review; Population Health; Causality



*How to obtain this article /* *Como obtener el artículo:* click here
<http://bit.ly/1Bp593H>.






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[co_inspiracion] Fwd: Income inequality and health: A causal review

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