[chilefuturo] ¿la verdad de la milanesa?
- From: "PLandsberger" <pedro.landsberger@xxxxxxxxx>
- To: "chilefuturo" <chilefuturo@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Fri, 28 May 2010 21:26:48 -0400
10 Things You Need (But Don't Want) To Know About the BP Oil Spill
By Daniela Perdomo, AlterNet
Posted on May 27, 2010, Printed on May 28, 2010
http://www.alternet.org/story/147014/
It's been 37 days since BP's offshore oil rig, Deepwater Horizon, exploded in
the Gulf of Mexico. Since then, crude oil has been hemorrhaging into ocean
waters and wreaking unknown havoc on our ecosystem -- unknown because there is
no accurate estimate of how many barrels of oil are contaminating the Gulf.
Though BP officially admits to only a few thousand barrels spilled each day,
expert estimates peg the damage at 60,000 barrels or over 2.5 million gallons
daily. (Perhaps we'd know more if BP hadn't barred independent engineers from
inspecting the breach.) Measures to quell the gusher have proved lackluster at
best, and unlike the country's last big oil spill -- Exxon-Valdez in 1989 --
the oil is coming from the ground, not a tanker, so we have no idea how much
more oil could continue to pollute the Gulf's waters.
The Deepwater Horizon disaster reminds us what can happen -- and will continue
to happen -- when corporate malfeasance and neglect meet governmental
regulatory failure.
The corporate media is tracking the disaster with front-page articles and
nightly news headlines every day (if it bleeds, or spills, it leads!), but the
under-reported aspects to this nightmarish tale paint the most chilling picture
of the actors and actions behind the catastrophe. In no particular order, here
are 10 things about the BP spill you may not know and may not want to know --
but you should.
1. Oil rig owner has made $270 million off the oil leak
Transocean Ltd., the owner of the Deepwater Horizon rig leased by BP, has been
flying under the radar in the mainstream blame game. The world's largest
offshore drilling contractor, the company is conveniently headquartered in
corporate-friendly Switzerland, and it's no stranger to oil disasters. In 1979,
an oil well it was drilling in the very same Gulf of Mexico ignited, sending
the drill platform into the sea and causing one of the largest oil spills by
the time it was capped... nine months later.
This experience undoubtedly influenced Transocean's decision to insure the
Deepwater Horizon rig for about twice what it was worth. In a conference call
to analysts earlier this month, Transocean reported making a $270 million
profit from insurance payouts after the disaster. It's not hard to bet on
failure when you know it's somewhat assured.
2. BP has a terrible safety record
BP has a long record of oil-related disasters in the United States. In 2005,
BP's Texas City refinery exploded, killing 15 workers and injuring another 170.
The next year, one of its Alaska pipelines leaked 200,000 gallons of crude oil.
According to Public Citizen, BP has paid $550 million in fines. BP seems to
particularly enjoy violating the Clean Air and Clean Water Acts, and has paid
the two largest fines in the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's
history. (Is it any surprise that BP played a central, though greatly
under-reported, role in the failure to contain the Exxon-Valdez spill years
earlier?)
With Deepwater Horizon, BP didn't break its dismal trend. In addition to
choosing a cheaper -- and less safe -- casing to outfit the well that
eventually burst, the company chose not to equip Deepwater Horizon with an
acoustic trigger, a last-resort option that could have shut down the well even
if it was damaged badly, and which is required in most developed countries that
allow offshore drilling. In fact, BP employs these devices in its rigs located
near England, but because the United States recommends rather than requires
them, BP had no incentive to buy one -- even though they only cost $500,000.
SeizeBP.org estimates that BP makes $500,000 in under eight minutes.
3. Oil spills are just a cost of doing business for BP
According to the Harte Research Institute for Gulf of Mexico Studies,
approximately $1.6 billion in annual economic activity and services are at risk
as a result of the Deepwater Horizon disaster. Compare this number -- which
doesn't include the immeasurable environmental damages -- to the current cap on
BP's liability for economic damages like lost wages and tourist dollars, which
is $75 million. And compare that further to the first-quarter profits BP posted
just one week after the explosion: $6 billion.
BP's chief executive, Tony Hayward, has solemnly promised that the company will
cover more than the required $75 million. On May 10, BP announced it had
already spent $350 million. How fantastically generous of a company valued at
$152.6 billion, and which makes $93 million each day.
The reality of the matter is that BP will not be deterred by the liability cap
and pity payments doled out to a handful of victims of this disaster because
they pale in comparison to its ghastly profits. Indeed, oil spills are just a
cost of doing business for BP.
This is especially evident in a recent Citigroup analyst report prepared for BP
investors: "Reaction to the Gulf of Mexico oil leak is a buying opportunity."
4. The Interior Department was at best, neglectful, and at worst, complicit
It's no surprise BP is always looking out for its bottom line -- but it's at
least slightly more surprising that the Interior Department, the executive
department charged with regulating the oil industry, has done such a shoddy job
of preventing this from happening.
Ten years ago, there were already warnings that the backup systems on oil rigs
that failed on Deepwater Horizon would be a problem. The Interior Department
issued a "safety alert" but then left it up to oil companies to decide what
kind of backup system to use. And in 2007, a government regulator from the same
department downplayed the chances and impact of a spill like the one that
occurred last month: "[B]lowouts are rare events and of short duration,
potential impact to marine water quality are not expected to be significant."
The Interior Department's Louisiana branch may have been particularly confused
because it appears it was closely fraternizing with the oil industry. The
Minerals Management Service, the agency within the department that oversees
offshore drilling, routinely accepted gifts from oil companies and even
considered itself a part of the oil industry, rather than part of a
governmental regulatory agency. Flying on oil executives' private planes was
not rare for MMS inspectors in Louisiana, a federal report released Tuesday
says. "Skeet-shooting contests, hunting and fishing trips, golf tournaments,
crawfish boils, and Christmas parties" were also common.
Is it any wonder that Deepwater Horizon was given a regulatory exclusion by MMS?
It gets worse. Since April 20, when the Deepwater Horizon oil rig exploded, the
Interior Department has approved 27 new permits for offshore drilling sites.
Here's the kicker: Two of these permits are for BP.
But it gets better still: 26 of the 27 new drilling sites have been granted
regulatory exemptions, including those issued to BP.
5. Clean-up prospects are dismal
The media makes a lot of noise about all the different methods BP is using to
clean up the oil spill. Massive steel containment domes were popular a few
weeks ago. Now everyone is touting the "top kill" method, which involves
injecting heavy drilling fluids into the damaged well.
But here's the reality. Even if BP eventually finds a method that works,
experts say the best cleanup scenario is to recover 20 percent of the spilled
oil. And let's be realistic: only 8 percent of the crude oil deposited in the
ocean and coastlines off Alaska was recovered in the Exxon-Valdez cleanup.
Millions of gallons of oil will remain in the ocean, ravaging the underwater
ecosystem, and 100 miles of Louisiana coastline will never be the same.
6. BP has no real cleanup plan
Perhaps because it knows the possibility of remedying the situation is
practically impossible, BP has made publicly available its laughable "Oil Spill
Response Plan" which is, in fact, no plan at all.
Most emblematic of this farcical plan, BP mentions protecting Arctic wildlife
like sea lions, otters and walruses (perhaps executives simply lifted the
language from Exxon's plan for its oil spill off the coast of Alaska?). The
plan does not include any disease-preventing measures, oceanic or
meteorological data, and is comprised mostly of phone numbers and blank forms.
Most importantly, it includes no directions for how to deal with a deep-water
explosion such as the one that took place last month.
The whole thing totals 600 pages -- a waste of paper that only adds insult to
the environmental injury BP is inflicting upon the world with Deepwater Horizon.
7. Both Transocean and BP are trying to take away survivors' right to sue
With each hour, the economic damage caused by Deepwater Horizon continues to
grow. And BP knows this.
So while it outwardly is putting on a nice face, even pledging $500 million to
assess the impacts of the spill, it has all the while been trying to ensure
that it won't be held liable for those same impacts.
Just after the Deepwater explosion, surviving employees were held in solitary
confinement, while Transocean flacks made them waive their rights to sue. BP
then did the same with fishermen it contracted to help clean up the spill
though the company now says that was nothing more than a legal mix-up.
If there's anything to learn from this disaster, it's that companies like BP
don't make mistakes at the expense of others. They are exceedingly deliberate.
8. BP bets on risk to employees to save money -- and doesn't care if they get
sick
When BP unleashed its "Beyond Petroleum" re-branding/greenwashing campaign, the
snazzy ads featured smiley oil rig workers. But the truth of the matter is that
BP consistently and knowingly puts its employees at risk.
An internal BP document shows that just before the prior fatal disaster -- the
2005 Texas City explosion that killed 15 workers and injured 170 -- when BP had
to choose between cost-savings and greater safety, it went with its bottom line.
A BP Risk Management memo showed that although steel trailers would be safer in
the case of an explosion, the company went with less expensive options that
offered protection but were not "blast resistant." In the Texas City blast, all
of the fatalities and most of the injuries occurred in or around these trailers.
Although BP has responded to this memo by saying the company culture has
changed since Texas City, 11 people died on the Deepwater Horizon when it blew
up. Perhaps a similar memo went out regarding safety and cost-cutting measures?
Reports this week stated that fishermen hired by BP for oil cleanup weren't
provided protective equipment and have now fallen ill. Hopefully they didn't
sign waivers.
9. Environmental damage could even include a climatological catastrophe
It's hard to know where to start discussing the environmental damage caused by
Deepwater Horizon. Each day will give us a clearer picture of the short-term
ecological destruction, but environmental experts believe the damage to the
Gulf of Mexico will be long-term.
In the short-term, environmentalists are up in arms about the dispersants being
used to clean up the oil slick in the Gulf. Apparently, the types BP is using
aren't all that effective in dispersing oil, and are pretty high in toxicity to
marine fauna such as fish and shrimp. The fear is that what BP may be using to
clean up the mess could, in the long-term, make it worse.
On the longer-term side of things, there are signs that this largest oil
drilling catastrophe could also become the worst natural gas and climate
disaster. The explosion has released tremendous amounts of methane from deep in
the ocean, and research shows that methane, when mixed with air, is the most
powerful (read: terrible) greenhouse gas -- 26 times worse than carbon-dioxide.
Our warming planet just got a lot hotter.
10. No one knows what to do and it will happen again
The very worst part about the Deepwater Horizon calamity is that nobody knows
what to do. We don't know how bad it really is because we can't measure what's
going on. We don't know how to stop it -- and once we do, we won't know how to
clean it up.
BP is at the helm of the recovery process, but given its corporate track
record, its efforts will only go so far -- it has a board of directors and
shareholders to answer to, after all. The U.S. government, the only other
entity that could take over is currently content to let BP hack away at the
problem. Why? Because it probably has no idea what to do either.
Here's the reality of the matter -- for as long as offshore drilling is legal,
oil spills will happen. Coastlines will be decimated, oceans destroyed,
economies ruined, lives lost. Oil companies have little to no incentive to
prevent such disasters from happening, and they use their money to buy
government regulators' integrity.
Deepwater Horizon is not an anomaly -- it's the norm.
Daniela Perdomo is a staff writer and editor at AlterNet. Follow Daniela on
Twitter. Write her at danielaalternet [at] gmail [dot] com.
© 2010 Independent Media Institute. All rights reserved.
View this story online at: http://www.alternet.org/story/147014/
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