SUBSTITUTIONS
If you need,
1 cup cake flour
you can use...
7/8 cup all-purpose flour
and 1/8 cup (or 2 Tbsp) cornstarch
If you need,
2 cups cake flour
you can use...
1 and 3/4 cups all-purpose flour
and 1/4 cup cornstarch
Hint: put amount of cornstarch into 1 or 2 cups measure needed.
Then fill remainder of measuring cup with all-purpose flour.
If you need,
1 square, 1 ounce unsweetened chocolate
you can use...
3 Tbsp cocoa and 1 Tbsp butter, margarine, or shortening
If you need,
1 ounce semi-sweet chocolate
you can use...
1 ounce unsweetened baking chocolate and 1 Tbsp sugar or equivalent
of sugar substitute
If you need,
1/2 cup semi-sweet chocolate chips
You can use...
3 squares, which is 3 ounces, semi-sweet chocolate
If you need,
1 tablespoon corn starch
you can use...
2 tablespoons flour
If you need,
1 cup corn syrup
you can use...
1 and 1/4 cups sugar and 1/4 cup additional liquid from recipe
If you need,
1 cup honey
you can use...
1 and 1/4 cup sugar and 1/4 cup liquid
If you need,
1 cup ketchup or chili sauce for use in cooking
you can use...
1 cup tomato sauce and 2 Tbsp vinegar and 2 Tbsp sugar or equivalent
sugar substitute
If you need,
1 cup tomato juice
you can use...
1/2 cup tomato sauce and 1/2 cup water
If you need,
15 ounces tomato sauce
you can use...
6 ounces tomato paste and 1 cup water
If you need,
14.5 ounces beef or chicken broth
you can use...
2 tsp instant beef or chicken boullion granules and 2 cups water
or 2 boullion cubes and 2 cups water
If you need,
1 cup buttermilk or sour milk
you can use...
choice of 1 Tbsp vinegar or lemon juice or 1 and 3/4 tsp cream of tartar
and enough sweet milk to make 1 cup
and let stand 5 minutes
or 1 cup plain yogurt
If you need,
1 cup sweet milk, whole, fresh
you can use...
1/2 cup evaporated milk and 1/2 cup water
or 1 cup reconstituted non-fat dry milk and 2 and 1/2 tsp butter
or 1 cup sour milk or buttermilk and 1/2 tsp soda (decreasing baking
powder by 2 tsp)
1/3 cup instant non-fat dry milk and 3/4 cup water
If you need,
1 cup light cream or half and half
you can use...
1 cup undiluted evaporated milk
or 7 ounces milk and 3 Tbsp butter or margarine
If you need,
1 cup heavy cream
you can use...
3/4 cup whole milk and 1/3 cup butter
If you need,
8 ounces sour cream
you can use...
8 ounces plain yogurt
or 6 ounces cream cheese and 3 Tbsp milk
or 8 ounces cottage cheese and 2 Tbsp milk and 1 Tbsp lemon juice
whipped with blender
or 8 ounces evaporated milk and 1 Tbsp vinegar
If you need,
1 cup fine dry bread crumbs
you can use...
1 cup crushed cereal, cracker, or potato chip crumbs
If you need,
1 Tbsp flour for gravy
you can use...
1 and 1/2 Tsp cornstarch, potato starch, or rice starch
or 2 tsp quick cooking tapioca
If you need,
1 Tbsp cornstarch for thickening
you can use...
2 Tbsp flour
If you need,
1 cup cake flour
you can use...
7/8 cup all-purpose flour
(7/8 cup is equal to 1 cup minus 2 Tbsp)
If you need,
1 cup all-purpose flour
you can use...
1/2 cup bran, whole wheat flour or corn meal with enough all-purpose
flour to make 1 cup
If you need,
1 cup self-rising flour
you can use...
1 cup all-purpose flour and 1 tsp baking powder and 1/2 tsp salt
If you need,
1 tsp baking powder
you can use...
1/4 tsp baking soda and 1/2 cup buttermilk or sour milk to replace
1/2 cup liquid
or 1/8 tsp cream of tartar
another source says:
1/2 tsp cream of tartar and 1/2 tsp baking soda
If you need,
1 cup sugar, granulated
you can use...
1 cup brown sugar, packed
or 2 cups powdered sugar, sifted
If you need...
1 cup brown sugar
You can use...
1 cup white sugar
1 Tbsp molasses,
reducing other wet ingredients by 1 Tbsp
and stirring molasses in with other wet ingredients.
If you need,
1 tsp lemon juice
you can use...
1/2 tsp vinegar
If you need,
1 tsp grated lemon rind
you can use...
1/2 tsp lemon extract
If you need,
1 medium lemon
you can use...
2 to 3 Tbsp juice, fresh or bottled
If you need,
1 medium orange
you can use...
1/4 to 1/3 cup orange juice, reconstituted frozen
If you need,
white wine
you can use...
equal amount of apple juice or cider
If you need,
1 Tbsp minced fresh herb except rosemary (see below)
you can use...
1 tsp dry herb
or 1/4 tsp powdered herb
For rosemary, use dried herb measure for measure.
If you need,
1 tsp dry mustard
you can use...
2 tsp prepared mustard
If you need,
1 medium or 1/4 cup onion, chopped
you can use...
1 Tbsp minced dry onion
or 1 tsp onion powder
If you need,
1 clove garlic
you can use...
1/8 tsp minced dry garlic
or 1/8 tsp garlic powder
or 1 tsp bottled minced garlic
If you need,
1 whole large egg
you can use...
2 egg whites
or 1/4 cup egg substitute
but, if you need,
2 whole large eggs
you can use...
3 egg whites
If you need for baked goods...
1 whole egg,
you can use
1 heaping Tbsp soy flour or powder
1 Tbsp water
If you need,
2 egg yolks
you can use...
1 whole egg
