What is the role of police under capitalism?
https://socialistaction.org/2017/07/18/what-is-the-role-of-police-under-capitalism/
July 18, 2017
By JOHN LESLIE
On June 9, 2017, a Philadelphia police officer, Ryan Pownall, shot David
Jones multiple times in the back as he ran away. Pownall had stopped to
search Jones, who had been riding a dirt bike. While police claim that
Jones had a gun, according to the Philadelphia Inquirer, he “had already
dropped the loaded 9 millimeter gun” when the shooting occurred.
Reports state that this is the second time that Pownall shot a fleeing
“suspect” in the back. The question of why a police officer would fire
at an unarmed and fleeing person remains. David Jones was not a threat
at the time he was shot.
Jones’ father, Thomas Jones, said, “I didn’t think my son would get shot
in the back, I thought there was a procedure where you would tase a
person first, or shoot a person in the leg. I didn’t think you would
shoot to kill if a person is running away. If someone is running away
from you, why shoot him in the back like an animal?”
On June 16, a Minnesota jury acquitted the police officer who gunned
down Philando Castile last year during a traffic stop. Castile, a legal
gun owner, had notified the officer that he was in possession of a
firearm and had a permit to carry. The cop opened fire, killing Castile.
The failure of the system to convict the cop who murdered Philando
Castile is just one more in a long series of outrages that expose the
lack of justice under the current system. The courts will not protect
our rights when the police are involved.
Epidemic of police violence against people of color
According to the Washington Post, police nationwide shot and killed 492
people in the first six months of this year. At this rate, police
killings will exceed 1000 for the year—for the third year in a row. A
quarter of the deaths have been Black men, although they represent only
six percent of the population.
Police brutality, and the ex-judicial murder of people of color, is
nothing new and extends back as far as the history of police. In cities
both North and South, police have enforced the existing social order
against any perceived threats. These threats could be communists, labor
organizations, LGBTQ people, or oppressed nationalities.
Recent years have seen countless victims of police murder and violence.
Many incidents have been caught on video by witnesses, with little or no
consequences for the police involved. The Black Lives Matter movement,
which began in response to the murder of Trayvon Martin, has continued
to mobilize as police murdered Michael Brown, Eric Garner, Freddie Gray,
Tamir Rice, Sandra Bland, and so many others.
Of course, there has always been resistance to police repression. In
Houston, in 1917, Black U.S. Army troops took up arms against local
police after cops attacked a member of their unit. During the 1960s,
there were rebellions against police repression in Detroit, Los Angeles,
Trenton, and other large cities. In the 1990s, the Los Angeles rebellion
followed the acquittal of cops who savagely beat Rodney King. More
recently, Ferguson, Mo., and Baltimore exploded after the police murders
of Michael Brown and Freddie Gray.
Capitalism, police, and the state
The question of the police and their relationship to society is an
important one for socialists. Many unionists, members of oppressed
nationalities, and social movement activists have experienced police
repression. Any worker who has been on strike knows that cops are called
to suppress workers’ picket line actions and break strikes.
The police attack on counter-protesters during a recent far-right
demonstration in Portland is another example of the reactionary role of
cops. During the far right “free speech” mobilization, there were
friendly exchanges and “high fives” between police and ultra-right
protesters. Cooperation with rightist “Oath Keepers” extended to one of
the reactionaries assisting police with the arrest of a counter-protester.
The state is not something particular to capitalism. The state is the
expression of the division of society into social classes with
conflicting interests. In “The Origin of the Family, Private Property,
and the State,” Frederick Engels writes that the state is “a product of
society at a certain stage of development; it is the admission that this
society has become entangled in an insoluble contradiction with itself,
that it has split into irreconcilable antagonisms which it is powerless
to dispel. But in order that these antagonisms, these classes with
conflicting economic interests, might not consume themselves and society
in fruitless struggle, it became necessary to have a power, seemingly
standing above society, that would alleviate the conflict and keep it
within the bounds of ‘order’; and this power, arisen out of society but
placing itself above it, and alienating itself more and more from it, is
the state.”
The state does not exist to “reconcile” the interests of the various
classes; The state exists for the subjugation of workers and oppressed
people by the dominant, or ruling, class. This is expressed in the
formation of police, the army, prisons, and other instruments of
coercion aimed at keeping working people in line.
In the U.S., policing cannot be separated from the racist nature of the
system. The origins of police in the U.S., especially in the South, can
be partially traced to the slave patrols formed to catch runaway slaves.
Later, police were the enforcers of Jim Crow segregation. They remain an
essential component of the regime of mass incarceration, which imprisons
hundreds of thousands of young Black and Brown men and women.
Police and fascism
In Italy and Germany, during the rise of fascist movements, there was
cooperation between police and fascist groups. This cooperation extended
to Italian police training of Mussolini’s Black Shirts. In the U.S.,
there have been demonstrated links with the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) and
neo-Nazi groups. For instance, in Houston, in the 1970s, it was
estimated that as many as 40% of the police department were members of
the KKK. The same could be said of police departments across the South.
Racist policing is not something isolated to the South. Northern cities
have enforced de facto segregation for years through racist policing.
Philadelphia, supposedly the “city of brotherly love,” has a long
history of racist cops. The most famous is the former police
commissioner and mayor of Philadelphia, Frank Rizzo. Rizzo’s cops were
infamous for attacks on the Black community. This included dropping
young Black people in hostile white neighborhoods so that they had to
run for their lives to get home. Under Rizzo, the police violently
attacked the Black Panther Party and Black civil rights organizations.
The racist attitudes of the Philadelphia police department culminated in
the May 1985 bombing of the MOVE house on Osage Avenue. On May 13,
police surrounded the house, firing more than 10,000 rounds of
ammunition at the home and used fire trucks to spray the house with more
than 450,000 gallons of water. Later in the day, a police helicopter
dropped a bomb on the roof sparking a fire. Rather than use the fire
department to extinguish the fire, the decision was made to “let the
fire burn” ultimately destroying 61 homes, leaving 250 people homeless,
and killing 11 members of the MOVE organization, including five children.
The only person to be imprisoned after this crime was MOVE’s Ramona
Africa, the sole adult survivor of the police attack (one child, Bertie
Africa, also came out alive). No police or public official faced any
legal consequences.
Cop “unions”
Building resistance to police violence means exposing the reactionary
role of police unions in society and the labor movement. Cop unions not
only make excuses for the murderers in their ranks, they support racist
and reactionary policies like mass incarceration. Within the ranks of
organized labor, cop unions play a reactionary role by opposing
progressive initiatives.
The Fraternal Order of Police and Police Benevolent Association are the
largest police unions. The Teamsters, American Federation of State,
County, and Municipal Employees, and the Service Employees International
Union also represent police and prison guards. Building labor solidarity
with the Black Lives Matter movement within the labor movement means
challenging the role of police unions and demanding that labor
federations cut ties to these reactionary anti-worker organizations.
Revolutionary socialists reject the notion that police are a legitimate
part of the workers’ movement. While police may be drawn from the ranks
of the working class, they serve the interests of a racist capitalist
social order. It’s the role they play as enforcers of the existing state
and economic set up that is decisive.
Leon Trotsky, writing about cops in the 1930s, said, “The worker who
becomes a policeman in the service of the capitalist state, is a
bourgeois cop, not a worker. Of late years, these policemen have had to
do much more fighting with revolutionary workers than with Nazi
students. Such training does not fail to leave its effects. And above
all: every policeman knows that though governments may change, the
police remains.”
Socialists reject calls for more cops and for “law and order,” since
these policies always disproportionately target oppressed nationalities
and workers. This is why, for example, we must oppose Labour Party
leader Jeremy Corbyn’s call for adding thousands of more police in
Britain in the wake of terror attacks.
We must continue to mobilize for justice against police violence and
work to expose the links between neo-fascist groups and cops. The future
of the various movements depends on our ability to link the struggles
for justice against the system. This means holding the system’s
enforcers in blue accountable.
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Steven Pinker
“It's natural to think that living things must be the handiwork of a designer.
But it was also natural to think that the sun went around the earth. Overcoming
naive impressions to figure out how things really work is one of humanity's
highest callings.
[Can You Believe in God and Evolution? Time Magazine, August 7, 2005]”
― Steven Pinker
