https://socialistaction.org/2020/01/01/trans-liberation-a-socialist-action-resolution/
Trans Liberation: A Socialist Action Resolution
Socialist Action
/
2 days ago
We begin with our stance of full support to and respect for transgender
people’s fundamental right to self-identify and for the full,
unequivocal inclusion
of trans people in every aspect of society. Socialist Action has a long
history of unequivocal support for trans rights and implacable
opposition to any
and all forms of discrimination, exclusion, persecution, and violence
against trans people. We support trans people’s fight for full rights,
including
but not limited to, equal access to housing, restrooms, medical care,
employment, education, sports, legal justice, body autonomy, dignity,
and the full
realization of human potential.
Marxists not only see the fight for trans full inclusion and democratic
rights as central to the class struggle, but we also recognize the
liberatory power
of an oppressed group resisting its historic repression and becoming
visible on its own terms. Socialists welcome the increasing visibility
of gender
diversity.
For trans gender, transsexual, and non-binary (gender non-conforming)
people, the insistence on authentic identities cannot be dismissed as
“identity politics”
or mere individualism. It is an assertion of self-determination that
challenges the social underpinnings of capitalism itself. Trans women
are women.
Trans men are men. We reject any assertion that their identity is in any
way inauthentic or invalid.
Among the many forms that trans oppression takes in capitalist America,
two prominent examples are extremely high rates of brutal violence
against trans
people and deep economic marginalization. At the time of this writing,
at least 22 transgender or gender non-conforming people have been killed
this year
in the United States. Since 2013, at least 157 transgender and gender
non-conforming individuals have been murdered in the U.S., 81% of whom
were trans
women of color. Four out of 5 victims were misgendered by media or cops.
A 2017 study published in the American Journal of Public Health
estimated that
from 2010 to 2014, young Black trans women were between 4.5 and 22.6
times more likely to be killed than the rest of the population. In the
years since,
the number of trans people murdered each year has doubled.
Trans people in the U.S. face unemployment at a rate at least three
times the national average and are more than twice as likely to live in
poverty. In
a recent survey of over 27,000 trans people in all fifty states by the
National Center for Transgender Equality, which provides a comprehensive
reporting
of the lived experiences of trans people in the U.S., 30% had
experienced homelessness in their lifetime, and 12% had been homeless in
the prior year.
As trans people are pushed to the perimeter of the economy, 20% reported
having worked in the underground economy.
Sexual violence is also a major threat in the lives of trans people. 47%
of those surveyed had been sexually assaulted, and 54% had experienced
some form
of intimate partner violence.
The many compounding struggles faced by trans people take a horrific
toll. An astonishing 40% of those surveyed reported having attempted
suicide.
In this resolution, we will address the roots of trans oppression in the
economic structures of capitalism, describe how Marxists understand
gender as
a social construct, and re-affirm Socialist Action’s support for the
struggles of trans people in all areas of society.
A Marxist Understanding of Gender
Gender is a Social Construct
Marxists and socialist feminists recognize that gender is a social
construct, which is formed by economic, cultural, historical,
biological, and class
factors. Throughout human history, social groups have defined social
roles in relation to the cultural and economic needs and development of
their societies.
Since societies have changed in dramatic ways over time so, too, has
gender. Gender and gender roles have not been static either across time
or across
cultures.
In some matricentric, pre-class societies, sex and gender were more
complex and included genders that we might, today, call “trans.” Roles
were not based
solely, or even mainly, on biological characteristics but on the total
needs of the society – on the constellation of practices that formed the
group’s
economic organization, kinship systems, and spiritual beliefs. Some of
these forms continue in some indigenous peoples, cultures and nations today.
The shift to class society and the accumulation of private property
brought changes not only to economic forms but to social relationships
and to the roles
required of its subjects. Before the rise of class society, social
production was organized communally and products shared equally. The
material basis
for the exploitation of one group by another did not exist. The social
status of women and men reflected the indispensable roles each played in
the subsistence
productive process.
The change in women’s status and the entrenchment of more rigid gender
roles developed along with the growing productivity of human labor based
on agriculture,
the domestication of animals, and stock raising; the rise of new
divisions of labor, craftsmanship, and commerce; the private
appropriation of an increasing
social surplus; and the development of the possibility for some humans
to prosper from the exploitation of the labor of others. In these
specific socioeconomic
conditions, as the exploitation of human beings became profitable for a
privileged few, women, because of their role in the generational
transmission of
wealth, became valuable property. Thus, the origins of women’s
oppression are economic and social in character, and the development of
women’s oppression
is intertwined with the transition from pre-class to class society, and
the replacement of practical and egalitarian labor divisions with hierarchy.
Through the lens of social reproduction theory, we can understand how
the institutionalization of the nuclear family and women’s role in
helping reproduce
labor power, both generationally, and on a daily basis, helped prop up
the capitalist economic structure. By controlling gender roles and
women’s expected
behavior within the family structure, the capitalist class could profit
from pushing many of the social reproduction needs of society onto
women, who were
not compensated for their work. The exploitation of women also helped
the ruling class maintain a reserve army of labor they could control by
pushing women
in or out of the workforce as needed.
This institutionalization of gender roles and the nuclear family also
contributed to the oppression of trans and non-binary people who didn’t
fit neatly
into these artificially created categories. We view the movements for
trans and worker’s rights as part of one struggle and understand
gendered oppression
to be fundamental to ruling class efforts to discipline the working
class, uphold the ideal of the nuclear family, and maintain a “flexible”
surplus population.
Socialist Action must advance our perspective to help build the biggest
and broadest coalitions to fight against working class divisions,
including a trans
inclusive women’s movement, to unite workers with different experiences
and ultimately build a movement that can overthrow the system of
capitalist exploitation
itself.
Gender and Identity
In Marxist understanding, a person’s existence is not grounded in an
arbitrarily chosen personality but in material—that is,
social—conditions. Our selves
grow out of what is made available to us by the society in which we live
at our moment in history. In a class society conditioned by gendered
oppression,
genders pre-exist the individuals who come to inhabit them, and gender
roles are governed by the needs of the mode of production. Gender
identity arises
from the way in which individuals experience their society’s array of
social and gender roles relative to their own specific experiences and
their own
unique psyches. Gender is complex.
Because of the variety of personal histories, real-life experiences, and
individual attributes, gender identity can span a broad range.
Cognitive, biological,
social, and personal history all contribute to how people make sense of
their self-experience and how they wish to be seen and to be interpreted
by others.
In transitioning, many people feel they are not changing so much as
affirming their gender; even as if they had previously been “passing” as
the wrong
gender and were only now properly aligned.
Socialists respect each person’s unique experience of self and their
right to self-identify. Socialist Action supports the struggles of trans
people for
self-identification and for all people to be able to define their
gender, without the intervention of physicians or requiring medical
procedures. We will
discuss this struggle more below.
Capitalist society exerts much pressure in controlling gender roles –
along with its regulation of other social relations – to achieve the
highest rate
of profit and divide workers. Capitalism’s portrayals of race,
nationality, religion, age, sex, class, sexual orientation, and gender
are all subject
to manipulation in order to preserve the economic order.
This is not static, however. Human beings are always in flux as we adapt
to and make sense of the world. So, too, is the capitalist system
itself ever-changing
and adapting to the challenges to it from workers and its own
contradictions and periodic crises. It is in this light that changes in
gender roles can
either be adaptive—that is, they can continue to preserve the capitalist
economic status quo – or they can be revolutionary and show the way to
greater
diversity and human expression.
The resistance of Lesbians, Gay Men and Bisexuals to institutions and
belief systems that oppress them illustrates such gains in diversity.
Lesbians,
Gay Men and Bisexuals have made major challenges to socially constructed
gender norms and sex stereotyping to express their authentic
experiences. In
a world where little girls are bombarded with pink-clad Disney
princesses and relegated to traditional women’s roles and monogamous,
heterosexual marriages,
young lesbians have chosen differently. They have resisted invisibility
and become the authors of their own stories. For more on the issue of
lesbian
erasure see:
https://socialistaction.org/2019/02/26/lesbophobia-past-and-present/
Capitalist society is confronted with a similar challenge from trans
people who not only don’t fit neatly into gender roles but who, in the
act of transitioning,
present a challenge to the gender binary and the roles thereby
prescribed in production and social reproduction under capitalism.
For socialists, liberation is not only about theory but is also about
how people’s lives intersect with the world around them and how their
experiences,
reactions, and thoughts move them to actions that challenge that world.
Challenges being made by trans and non-binary people have broad
implications about the direction in which society can move. However, the
actual ability
to alter society depends not on individual expression, but on the aims
and the strength of the broadest mass movement that can be created.
The Struggle for Full Trans Inclusion Today
Two ground-breaking reports have provided much needed data that reveals
the extent of mistreatment, harassment and violence that trans sexual,
transgender,
and gender non-conforming (non-binary) people suffer in virtually every
area of their lives:
list of 2 items
• I njustice at Every Turn: A Report of the National Transgender
Discrimination Survey . Washington: National Center for Transgender
Equality and National
Gay and Lesbian Task Force, 2011. (“NTDS”)
• The Report of the 2015 U.S. Transgender Survey . Washington, DC:
National Center for Transgender Equity. (“USTS”)
list end
The first reports the findings of a 2008 survey of 6,450 transgender and
gender non-conforming people from all 50 states. The second builds on
the first,
with 27,715 respondents from all 50 states, plus US territories and
overseas military bases completing surveys in the summer of 2015.
The treatment documented in these reports has given rise to resistance
movements. Here we will examine a few areas of struggle in which
Socialist Action
is actively involved.
Fair Treatment at Work
Trans and gender non-conforming workers have endured profound
discrimination and exploitation. Capitalist businesses and institutions
exclude or erase
these workers through discriminatory hiring practices, harassment,
intimidation, misgendering, bullying, denial of access to bathrooms and
other facilities,
barriers to promotion, and legal action.
The National Transgender Discrimination Survey (“NTDS”, 2011)
demonstrated that the experience of workplace abuse is nearly universal
among transgender
and gender non-conforming respondents:
Ninety percent (90%) of respondents said they had directly experienced
harassment or mistreatment at work or felt forced to take protective
actions that
negatively impacted their careers or their well-being, such as hiding
who they were, in order to avoid workplace repercussions. Mistreatment
ranged from
verbal harassment and breaches of confidentiality to physical and sexual
assault, while bias-avoidant behaviors included hiding one’s gender,
delaying
transition, or staying in a job one would have preferred to leave. Given
the broad spectrum of workplace abuse experienced by our study
participants, their
persistent engagement in the workforce speaks to a determination and
resilience that goes largely unheralded in statistics and discourse
about transgender
and gender nonconforming people in the workplace. (NTDS, p.56)
In a majority of states, there are virtually no legal protections
against discrimination except in workplaces covered by union
contracts. Trans people
are also one of the sectors of the working class most affected by
austerity measures. In cut-backs, they are among the first to lose jobs
and housing,
and to see health, welfare, and other social services disappear.
Trans workers are cast into the margins: they either have precarious
work or become part of the reserve labor army. The reserve labor pool
is the population
of unemployed or under-employed workers that capitalism maintains in
order to back-fill its needs in times of high demand or of labor
rebellion. They
are forced into this status almost by definition and often experience
long-term joblessness, poverty, and little support or hope of improvement.
Using the two different surveys, we can tell that the work situation for
transgender people has shockingly worsened over the past decade. The
initial surveys
were completed before the economic crisis hit in October, 2008 while the
second set of surveys were completed in the summer of 2015, 7 years
later. During
this time the unemployment rate for the population at large fell from 7%
to 5% but the unemployment rate for transgender and gender
non-conforming people
went from 14% (double the rate of the population generally) to 15%
(TRIPLE the rate of the overall population). Rates for transgender
people of color are
approximately FOUR TIMES that of the overall US population, which is
deplorable and not improving.
In 2008, approximately 16% of respondents reported having to work in the
criminalized economy at some point (selling drugs or doing sex work) to
survive.
By 2015 that number had risen to 20% of survey respondents (9% in the
last 12 months prior to completing the survey). When the first survey
was taken nearly
HALF the respondents (47%) had experienced an “adverse job outcome”
(being fired, not being hired, not being promoted) because of their
gender identity
or expression. By the second survey fully TWO THIRDS (67%) reported an
“adverse job outcome” in the past year.
“The obstacles currently facing trans people in regards to employment
are the most insidious. Without an income, one has absolutely NO voice,
politically,
economically or socially. Elimination of employment discrimination,
above all else, is the keystone to fundamental transgender equality in
America.” (NTDS,
p. 56)
This discrimination undermines the position of all workers in relation
to all capitalist employers. When rights and services to one sector of
the class
are denied, the welfare of all working people is diminished.
Access to Health Care
Everyone in the working class struggles with access to healthcare under
a system controlled by profit making health insurance and pharmaceutical
companies.
But transsexuals and those identifying as transgender encounter more
barriers and have many more challenges, which include the medical
practitioners themselves.
For decades, those who had undergone “gender reassignment surgery” soon
discovered that health insurance companies considered any health
condition as a
preexisting condition of their surgery. Therefore, since they didn’t
cover the surgery, they insisted that any health need was pre-existing
and not covered
by insurance.
Today there are some unions and corporations that have forced health
insurance providers to end all discrimination. But this covers only a
small number
of all workers.
This year the Department of Health and Human Services under President
Trump announced plans to remove “Gender Identity” from the
anti-discrimination language
in the Affordable Care Act. This will again leave patients subject to
discrimination in health care as well as health insurance coverage. This
will undoubtedly
mean that those identifying as transgender will suffer the pain of
preventable, treatable physical conditions, as well as the emotional
brutality of dealing
with a medical system that just will not want to treat them.
The NTDS found that barriers to access health care for transgender and
non-conforming individuals included harassment, violence and actual
denial of service.
Those barriers existed whether they were seeking preventive medicine,
routine or emergency care or transgender related services. In addition,
racial bias
was a risk in every area of the study.
Nineteen percent of survey participants were refused care. Harassment in
medical care settings was reported by 28% and 2% were actually victims
of violence
in a doctor’s office. Fifty percent reported that they had to teach
their medical providers about transgender care and 41% reported that
they had attempted
suicide.
Socialists call for a working class movement that incorporates the
needs, rights, and respectful treatment of all workers. Such a movement
would not only
demand reasonable access to bathrooms, appropriate health care, and
workplace safety, but it would prioritize the hiring, promoting, and
development of
transgender people.
Where there are unions, they should be in the forefront of this work.
Contracts must include language that prohibits discrimination, protects
the full
inclusion of trans people, and assures health care that includes the
needs of transgender and transitioning employees.
Self ID
Many countries in the world continue to deny transgender people their
basic right to legal recognition of their gender, but unfortunate
problems persist
even where that right has been fought for and won. Most governments
where gender recognition is possible, including the US, pathologize the
state of being
transgender, forcing trans people to go through a difficult process that
makes their gender a question of medical inquiry. It is dehumanizing to
have to
get permission from the government to be who you are, yet there are only
a few countries in the world where people may legally change gender with
a mere
statutory self-declaration.
Of the nearly 28,000 people who participated in the 2015 Transgender
survey, only 11% reported that their preferred name and gender appear on
ALL their
documents, while more than two-thirds (68%) reported that NONE of their
IDs had the name and gender they preferred. Nearly one third (32%) of
respondents
had experienced verbal harassment, denial of benefits or service, being
asked to leave, or being assaulted when presenting an ID listing a name
or gender
that did not match their gender presentation (USTS, p.9). Socialist
Action stands in solidarity with the current movement for
self-identification in the
UK, and movements for self-ID everywhere in the world.
Immigration
It is important to note that trans and other LGTBQ immigrants face
multiple layers of oppression, based on both their gender identity and
second-class
status as in the U.S. as immigrants. A striking example of this is shown
in the recent story of a few dozen LGBTQ people who banded together
while traveling
through Mexico as part of a larger caravan of Central Americans
traveling to the U.S.-Mexico border to apply for asylum. Many LGBTQ
people face extreme
oppression and violence (even murder) in Latin America, forcing them to
flee to the U.S. for safety.
However, it was reported by multiple news outlets that LGBTQ members of
the caravan felt the need to band together, forming their own “caravan
within a
caravan” for safety reasons. Many other members of the caravan (mostly
males) were constantly harassing, heckling and threatening them. This
progressed
to the point that human rights workers assigned a special security
detail to travel with the group in order to provide protection from the
ongoing attacks.
It was also reported that the LGBTQ migrants faced additional problems
with accessing bathrooms along the route, and were less likely to hitch
much-needed
rides along the way.
Once in the U.S., however, trans immigrants still face almost
insurmountable barriers when seeking asylum. In order to qualify for
asylum protection, the
burden of proof is on them to prove that they have been a victim of
persecution in their home countries because of their transgender
identity. Furthermore,
these already vulnerable immigrants face continued discrimination once
in the United States. The NTDS survey found that “Seven percent (7%) of
our sample
reported being physically assaulted at work because of being transgender
or gender non-conforming. Undocumented noncitizens in our sample
reported the
highest rates of physical assault at 25%, over three times the rate of
the overall sample.” It’s easy to see that trans and other LGBTQ
immigrants continue
to face multiple barriers as they flee to the U.S. to seek a better life.
From Theory to Action
When an oppressed group asserts its true experience, it refutes the
ideology of the ruling class. Instead of reinforcing the version of
reality that advances
the interests of capitalist production, it expresses the genuine human
and material history of our own class. This advances the consciousness
of our entire
class. Awareness of one’s oppression, however, is not enough to attain
liberation.
Understanding theory and the history of social movements and struggles
is incredibly important, but as socialists, we also understand the need
to engage
in concrete action. While Socialist Action supports the right of every
person to express their own identity, including their gender identity,
freedom of
expression does not in itself lead to an analysis and strategy for
liberation from the system.
The rejection of gender stereotypes and the radical reframing of
discourse are important steps that create the basis of independent
consciousness but they
will not, by themselves, result in significant material change. For
that, we need a movement that can contest capitalist power.
Organization, agitation,
solidarity, and independent political action are the tools necessary to
creating a movement powerful enough to triumph over capitalist oppression.
A Revolutionary Socialist Critique of Identity Politics
Identity politics is a popular theory today that hinges on the basic
right of everyone to hold and express their own individual identity
however they choose.
People are encouraged to use gender pronouns based on personal choice,
and respect everyone’s right to live a genuine and authentic life.
While it’s very important to respect everyone’s right to express who
they are in the way that makes them feel most comfortable, what identity
politics
refuses to recognize is that the cause of the oppression is capitalism’s
exploitation of the vast majority of us as workers. And while most
members of
oppressed groups are overwhelmingly working class, it is also important
to recognize that just belonging to a particular group or “identity”
does not mean
everyone in that group shares common interests. There may also be
opposed class interests at play.
Solely focusing on identity politics and leaving a working class
analysis of class politics to the side can often derail social
movements. Instead of focusing
on their common exploitation by the capitalist class, this approach can
lead to an internal focus, as groups debate who is the “most oppressed”
or “privileged.”
Identify politics can also lead to a feeling of extreme possessiveness:
“this is our issue and only we can talk about it.”
Instead, revolutionary socialists seek to build inclusive united front
movements that seek to involve the broadest range of groups possible.
Strong movements
based on working class solidarity can work together to build effective
mass movements that challenge capitalist power in the streets. In such a
movement,
each member is free to identify and express themselves as who they are.
At the same time, they are united with other members not based on
individual beliefs,
but on a shared agreement to work on a common cause, even if they may
disagree with other coalition members on a different issue.
Socialist Action works to build these effective united front-type
movements around women’s, trans, and gay and lesbian issues.
No Platforming, Harassment, Threats, and Cyber Bullying
The right of women to meet and discuss the wide variety of issues around
sex and gender has been attacked by a sector of the trans movement that
uses intimidation
to silence those with whom it disagrees. Methods of harassment include
cyber bullying, physical assaults, and censorship.
list of 1 items
• Rejection of “No Platforming”
list end
The practice called “no platforming” is used to effectively gag those
with opposing views. People are prohibited — often by means of violence
or threats
of violence — from holding meetings and speaking. This has occurred
even at events that have nothing to do with trans issues.
Extremists threaten disruptions in universities and libraries where
women are planning meetings and discussions. They attempt to get any
speakers at the
meetings fired from their jobs. When such meetings do take place,
extremists disrupt them by blocking entrances, storming the platforms,
or calling in
bomb threats. In cases where they cannot gain entrance they terrorize
participants by screaming at them as they enter and exit. Cyber Bullying
on social
media includes: “Punch a TERF,” “Lynch a TERF,” “Stab a TERF,” “Rape a
TERF.”
This incitement to violence against women has become pervasive and must
be condemned. These tactics are all too familiar to women who have
suffered trauma
and have been victims of violence.
list of 1 items
• Gender Critical Positions
list end
Within the women’s movement, some feminists have expressed reservations
about the inclusion of trans women. Debates have centered on the
inclusion of
trans women in women’s spaces and in legislation created to protect
women from discrimination, protections that trans women had not
previously been allowed
to access.
list of 1 items
• The Acronym TERF
list end
The term “trans exclusionary radical feminist” was originally used in
2008 to distinguish those radical feminists who wished to exclude trans
women from
women’s spaces from those who did not. This term is not used by radical
feminists to identify themselves nor is it the name of any group.
Since the time of its original coinage, the term, in its shortened form
of “TERF,” has come to be used more broadly as an epithet against anyone
presumed
not to whole-heartedly support trans inclusion. Individuals are branded
“TERFs” and vilified in person, in social media, and at public events,
regardless
of their specific beliefs or whether they are in any way affiliated with
radical feminism.
list of 1 items
• Opposition to Violence in the Movement
list end
Socialist Action condemns any and all violence in the workers’ movement.
We likewise reject the use of “TERF,” a term that clarifies nothing and
only serves
to divide the movement and to prohibit constructive debate.
While Socialist Action does not agree with the radical feminist
position, we support all women’s right to meet, discuss, and exchange
ideas – without being
no platformed, threatened, harassed and bullied.
Trans Liberation and Women’s Liberation: Same Fight
The traditional binary hierarchy of capitalist gender roles is designed
to maintain property relations and a division of labor that benefits the
owning
class. This structure relegates women to a secondary status, devalues
their social role and their labor, and curtails their legal rights and
self-agency.
In short, the systems of oppression resisted by the Women’s Movement and
those fought by the Trans Movement have the same origin.
The struggle of the Women’s Movement has been to free women from this
oppressive legacy. In that battle, women have fought for equal
representation, recognition,
access, compensation, and opportunity. Simultaneously, we have fought
for health care, bodily autonomy, freedom of sexual expression and
orientation,
safety, and social justice. At the Trump inaugural protests, which drew
five million into the streets, full affirmation of transgender rights
were included
in the overall demands for women’s rights. This solidarity marked a
great advance in the struggle for equal rights for all.
Cis women have nothing to gain by excluding trans and non-binary women
from the women’s movement. Trans women can be oppressed by the same
systems that
oppress cis gendered women and they can be victims of the same
violence. To exclude trans women, in fact, contradicts our aims. It
gives credibility
the gender hierarchy that we are trying to destroy. Instead, we must
join together.
Cis women and trans women face the same oppression and have common
cause. They are not only natural allies but their goals overlap. The
Women’s Movement
is strengthened by our unity.
Conclusion
Capitalist rulers understand the inter-dependence of social forces and
eye resistance in one sector as a potential inspiration to other
oppressed sectors
and as a potential threat to its overall control. Consequently, they
foster antagonisms between sectors and discourage solidarity.
We must have the opposite intention, seeking to build solidarity across
the barriers of race, sex, gender, sexuality, age, and nationality that
have been
created by the ruling class to separate and divide us.
“Like racism and all forms of prejudice, bigotry against transgender
people is a deadly carcinogen. [As workers] we are pitted against each
other in order
to keep us from seeing each other as allies. Genuine bonds of solidarity
can be forged between people who respect each other’s differences and
are willing
to fight their enemy together. We are the class that does the work of
the world, and can revolutionize it. We can win true liberation.”
(Leslie Feinberg,
“Transgender Liberation: A Movement Whose Time Has Come”)
It is revolutionary socialist consciousness and the united participation
of all oppressed sectors that will take us from symbolic and fragmented
forms
of resistance to acts of genuine transformation.
Socialist Action pledges full support to and respect for transgender and
non-binary people’s fundamental right to self-identify and for their
full, unequivocal
inclusion in every aspect of society. We are committed to building the
biggest and broadest coalitions to fight against working class
divisions, including
a trans- inclusive women’s movement, to unite workers with different
experiences and build a movement that can overthrow the system of
capitalist exploitation
itself.
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January 1, 2020
in Uncategorized.
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___
Sam Harris
“ I know of no society in human history that ever suffered because its people
became too desirous of evidence in support of their core beliefs. ”
― Sam Harris,
