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Vol. 80/No. 21 May 30, 2016
(Books of the Month column)
The rich want working people to like being poor
The Spanish-language edition of Capitalism’s World Disorder:
Working-Class Politics at the Millennium is a May Book of the Month. In
this excerpt, Jack Barnes, national secretary of the Socialist Workers
Party, responds to a question about The Bell Curve: Intelligence and
Class Structure in American Life by Richard Herrnstein and Charles
Murray. The exchange will be included in the soon-to-be released book
Are They Rich Because They’re Smart? Class, Privilege, and Education
Under Capitalism by Jack Barnes. Copyright © 1999 by Pathfinder Press.
Reprinted by permission.
BY JACK BARNES
Let me read you the first few sentences from the second to the last
chapter of The Bell Curve, chapter 21, entitled “The Way We Are Headed.”
“In this penultimate chapter”— Herrnstein and Murray could have written
“second-to-last” chapter, but they had to justify their parents having
spent $42,000, or whatever, to send them to Harvard or Yale — “In this
penultimate chapter we speculate about the impact of cognitive
stratification on American life and government. Predicting the course of
society is chancy, but certain tendencies seem strong enough to worry
about.”
“Worry about” — that’s interesting language in what is supposed to be a
scientific study. Then they go on to list these “worrying” tendencies:
“■ An increasingly isolated cognitive elite.
“■ A merging of the cognitive elite with the affluent.
“■ A deteriorating quality of life for people at the bottom end of the
cognitive ability distribution.”
So, that is the opening paragraph of the penultimate chapter. Now let’s
say it another way:
We’re rich. We’re rich because we’re smart. You can tell we’re smart
because we’re rich. Because we’re smart and rich, our kids are smart,
and are going to be rich too. But there are a lot of people who aren’t
getting rich, and they can’t seem to accept the fact that this is simply
because their forebears were dumb. The liberals — those who are rich and
those who aren’t — know this and live by it, but are embarrassed to say
so. Most people, however, mistakenly think there is some connection
between what we’re doing to get rich and their own deteriorating quality
of life. We’re getting more isolated in that sense, and a little nervous
about anyone wanting to take our privileges away. But we want to enjoy
being rich. There is nothing to feel guilty about. We’re rich because
we’re smart.
That is about the long and the short of it.
Then the book ends up with some proposals about what to do with all of
us “at the bottom end of the cognitive ability distribution” —
orphanages and so on, some of the things we have discussed already. If
we can “face reality about the underclass,” the book says, then we can
provide “the opportunity for everyone, not just the lucky ones, to live
a satisfying life.” That is, you can learn to like being poor (or be
made to pretend to like it).
But this is only possible, the book says, if we get rid of all the
social programs and legislation that fly in the face of accepting this
reality, such as the minimum wage; affirmative action; more money for
public education (“For many people, there is nothing they can learn that
will repay the cost of the teaching” — my favorite sentence in the
book); the extension of Social Security protections; welfare payments;
and so on. …
According to Murray and Herrnstein, capitalism achieved a wonderful
thing by the opening years of the twentieth century. In the United
States it happened even a bit earlier, they say. Before then wealth and
social position had for centuries been passed on from one generation to
the next through a rigid class structure — through aristocratic elites.
Those in the ruling classes — from the kings and queens right on down —
were often not very smart, notoriously slothful, and morally dissolute.
With capitalism, however, came “the career open to talent.” Anyone, they
say, from any class background or of any nationality or skin color,
could now rise to positions of political power and material comfort — on
the basis of merit, intelligence, hard work, and moral virtue.
But today something further is happening, as the level of capitalist
technology and computerization advances, they add. The intelligence and
competence required to keep modern society up and running is inevitably
concentrating wealth and power more and more in the hands of a
relatively small layer of middle-class professionals, technocrats,
managers, and academics — people, coincidentally, much like themselves.
They call this “the cognitive elite.” There is nothing that can, or
should, be done about this. That is just the way it is, and has to be,
due to modern technology. …
Human beings, of course, have a genetic structure. But we are not
computers. It is not just our hardware that changes. Our software
changes, too, as soon as we start doing things with our hands and eyes
when we are still just tiny infants. Social practice and experience make
us what we are. There are also some things about human beings, of
course, that do not change, no matter what happens to us socially. We
come in two different sexes. We have different skin pigmentation. And
there are many other examples. The world would be awfully boring if this
were not true.
But none of this is reducible to some built-in limit to the potential of
human beings, or of any socially defined group of human beings. Because
that is what both classes and races are — they are historically
determined social constructs, the product of the rise of class-divided
society. The concept of race, in its virulent and pseudoscientific
forms, in fact, is the product of only the most recent stage in class
society — the rise and consolidation of capitalism.
All the great Marxists have gloried in how the building of socialism
will enable working people to transform ourselves — to transform who we
are and what we are capable of. …
It is labor that makes possible all civilization and the advance of
culture. Working people begin to transform ourselves and strengthen
bonds of human solidarity in the very process of building the fighting
social movements and disciplined proletarian organizations without which
the capitalist rulers will plunge the world into fascism and war.
The transition to socialism is not possible without the organization of
working people to begin transforming ourselves and our attitudes toward
life and work and each other as we fundamentally transform the social
relations of production.
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