The U.S. Is Paying--Some--to Help Poorer Countries Adjust to Climate Change
By Janet Redman
Foreign Policy In Focus, March 17, 2016
http://fpif.org/u-s-paying-help-poorer-countries-adjust-climate-change/
This March, the United States made a long-awaited $500 million deposit to
the Green Climate Fund--a new global institution with a mandate to help
developing countries build clean energy, climate-resilient economies. As the
world’s leading historical polluter, the U.S. has pledged $3 billion to help
capitalize the fund.
The funds were released as the leadership of the GCF gathered in Songdo,
South Korea to decide, among other things, which private banks, public
agencies, and international institutions will be allowed to channel
financial contributions.
Getting money into the hands of governments and communities in the Global
South to address climate change isn’t just an environmental imperative. It’s
also an equity issue. Faith and development groups see these funds as
critical to enabling people in developing countries to meet their basic
needs for energy access, food security, and viable livelihoods--all the more
so because the United States is responsible for a quarter of the climate
pollution released into the atmosphere since industrialization.
So while this initial $500 million is a welcome contribution, the Obama
administration’s climate justice legacy will rest on whether Washington can
come up with the remaining $2.5 billion it’s pledged. One of the most
innovative ideas for raising that money is a tax on financial speculation,
which could generate tens of billions each year. The idea is already moving
forward in 10 European countries and gaining popularity in the United
States, too.
While the quantity of money in the Green Climate Fund matters, so does the
quality of the partners that the money flows through. The fund’s board of
directors recently approved two new controversial partners--HSBC and Credit
Agricole. Both banks are major financiers of coal and have had human rights
concerns raised against them. HSBC in particular has been embroiled in
financial scandal, including allegations of laundering drug money.
The Green Climate Fund’s leadership did attach some conditions to HSBC’s
approval, including anti-money laundering compliance mechanisms. And it
decided to assess the portfolios of accredited partners to see what they’re
spending on coal and oil. The fund will measure how those investments change
over a five-year review period to determine whether partners are truly
committed to helping bring about low-emission, climate-resilient
development.
Still, several developing country board members were upset by an apparent
double standard applied to potential partners from low-income countries. For
example, while HSBC was fully accredited even with its bad financial track
record, the Ethiopian Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation was only
certified to support small projects on the grounds that it lacked a strong
project finance track record.
Concern was also raised that with the approval of this most recent slate of
partner institutions, large multilateral and commercial banks far outnumber
national or regional entities that can administer GCF money.
Indeed, discussions at the Sondgo board meeting revealed that around 90
percent of the climate financing that the fund expects to approve in 2016
would be channeled through large international partners rather than national
institutions. This puts at risk one of the fund’s founding principles of
devolving responsibility to the local and national level--a concept known as
"country ownership."
If it’s going to spur a meaningful shift toward clean development led by the
countries most impacted by climate change, the Green Climate Fund should
align its choices in partners and projects with the recent Paris climate
agreement’s goal of keeping global warming as close to 1.5 degrees Celsius
as possible.
That means investing in developing countries becoming global leaders in
renewable energy, sustainable agriculture, low-carbon public transportation,
and zero waste--and not greenwashing the same old dirty energy projects
major banks have been financing for years.
(For way more detail about the GCF and some of the issues being debated,
please see the Institute for Policy Studies’ GCF User Guide fact sheet
series.)
