Chuck:
Which do you believe is true.
(1) The elected public leader is a reflection of the electorate, or
(2) The electorate is a reflection of the elected public leader, or
(3) Neither (1) or (2) is true.
R. E. (Dick) Driscoll, Sr.
On 11/29/2015 5:53 PM, Charles Krugman (Redacted sender ckrugman for
DMARC) wrote:
it makes a difference because people’s views can change over time and I for one am always interested in the political persuasions of public figures as a public figure can use those persuasions for good or bad purposes as they have influence as a public figure. it is different than the race issue that you bring up. and for me it would be a determining factor as to whether or not I might spend money to be entertained by them the same way that whether or not I shop at a particular company is based on the business practices or its lack of social responsibility.
Chuck
*From:* R. E. Driscoll Sr <mailto:llocsirdsr@xxxxxxx>
*Sent:* Sunday, November 29, 2015 5:34 AM
*To:* blind-democracy@xxxxxxxxxxxxx <mailto:blind-democracy@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
*Subject:* [blind-democracy] Re: The Story Behind 'Alice's Restaurant' -the 50-Year-Old Song that Is Forever Young
Chuck:
Some quickie thoughts and a comment.
The message that came to my mind, upon the completion of reading your comments about one Arlo Guthrie. There were others but it is not my wish to cause a furor.
My question to you is along the lines of "What difference does it make?" if Arlo is a Republican, or a Democrat, or a Central European Jew, or any other classification arbitrarily assigned.
I hope this does not offend you.
R. E. (Dick) Driscoll, Sr.
On 11/28/2015 11:53 PM, Charles Krugman (Redacted sender ckrugman for DMARC) wrote:this is too coincidental because a friend were discussing "Alice's Restaurant" on Thanksgiving day. He is about ten years younger than I am so I was going in to detail about what was going on historically and socially at the time. I'll have to send him this article. Interestingly, I thought I read somewhere that Arlo Guthrie is a Republican. Can anyone confirm this?
Chuck
-----Original Message----- From: Miriam Vieni
Sent: Friday, November 27, 2015 12:53 PM
To: blind-democracy@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: [blind-democracy] The Story Behind 'Alice's Restaurant' -the 50-Year-Old Song that Is Forever Young
Published on Alternet (http://www.alternet.org)
Home > The Story Behind 'Alice's Restaurant' —the 50-Year-Old Song that Is
Forever Young
________________________________________
The Story Behind 'Alice's Restaurant' —the 50-Year-Old Song that Is Forever
Young
By Dan McCue [1] / Courthouse News [2]
November 27, 2015
(CN) - These days it comes right after intermission. It's ascending,
four-note introduction starting even before the stage lights come up.
"You still here?" Arlo Guthrie says in mock surprise as the
anticipation in the darkened hall gives way to sustained applause.
The sound coming from the audience almost eclipses the spare sound of
Guthrie's acoustic guitar, cresting just as the first verse approaches.
"Well, it sounds like you might have heard this before," Guthrie says,
adjusting his position on the wooden stool he occupies at center stage.
"I know I have," he adds ruefully.
For the next 18 minutes and 34 seconds -- more when he's in the mood --
Guthrie's audience sits enraptured, listening intently to the verses most of
them know by heart, and singing along on the choruses.
Somehow, the song originally titled "Alice's Restaurant Massacree," but
known for almost all of its life simply as "Alice's Restaurant," never grows
old. Its smirkily subversive message finds new adherents every year, while
in its familiar glow longtime acquaintances grow young again.
It all started 50 years ago this coming Thanksgiving, with a friendly
gesture that went comically awry, and later played a surprising and more
serious part in making in making Guthrie ineligible for the draft, keeping
him out of Vietnam.
However , the roots of "Alice's Restaurant" go back much further than
that, to Woody Guthrie's decision to settle in Coney Island, New York, where
his first son Arlo was born on July 10, 1947.
By the time he arrived in New York, Guthrie was well-established as one
of America's most important folk singers and songwriters, the majority of
the hundreds of songs he turned out commenting on social injustices and his
experiences traveling with displaced farmers from Dust Bowl era Texas and
Oklahoma, to California.
It was radio that cemented his image as "the Dust Bowl Troubadour," and
his daughter Nora Guthrie suggested he could have been a big radio star, but
inevitably, "his politics got in the way."
"That happened on almost every, single radio show he had," she said.
"Woody would start out and people loved him. He was very funny, personable,
and then, at a certain point, the sponsors would start getting uncomfortable
with the things he was talking and singing about. This was especially so
when his music became more political.
"So what would happen is, the sponsors would ignore the comedy and the
strong public response, and say, 'Could you please lighten up?" And Woody
would get upset and he quit almost every show he had," she said.
The move east was represented a chance to rekindle his radio career; it
became so much more.
Between stints on the CBS network, and the New York radio powerhouse,
WNEW-AM, Guthrie met Arlo and Nora's mother, Marjorie Greenblatt Mazia,
wrote what would become his most famous song, "This Land is Your Land,"
became a member of the Almanac Singers, and completed his long gestating
memoir, "Bound for Glory."
Despite being the keeper of her father's legacy, Nora Guthrie
apologetically admits she's far from a Woody Guthrie scholar. She doesn't
know how her Dad wound up in WNEW, for what would turn out to be his last
programs as host. She does, however, still possess the script from his very
first WNEW show, covered with notes written in her father's hand.
The date was Dec. 3, 1944.
"The show opened with just the sound of him playing guitar, and then,
as he continues to play, he goes into this spiel, talking about himself, his
songs, and what he hopes to convey over the course of the show," she said.
Looking down at the faded pages, Guthrie paused. Then she chuckled, as
if to a private joke.
"I want to say it's kind of like 'Alice's Restaurant,'" she said.
"And included within it are a lot of Woody's most famous quotes,"
Guthrie continued. "For instance, he says, 'I hate a song that makes you
think you're not any good ... I hate a song that makes you think you were
born to lose.' And it goes on like that. It's a very iconic piece of Woody's
writing.
"And then he goes on to explain what his music is like, what his
positions are politically, and he talked about his support of labor union
and so forth ..." Guthrie said.
The program lasted only until May 1945, when Woody Guthrie was inducted
into the Army, and then promptly joined the Merchant Marine.
But Woody Guthrie's life was never been less than complicated, and it
became even more so in the aftermath of World War II, when he was
blacklisted for a tenuous association with the Communist party, and first
exhibited the symptoms of Huntington's disease, a progressive genetic
neurological disorder that would ultimately kill him.
He and Mazia divorced in the early 1950s, a period when Guthrie's
increasingly erratic behavior was sometimes mistaken for sure signs of
insanity or drunkenness, and the doomed folksinger began an extended
hospitalization at the Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital in Morris County,
New Jersey -- where the young Bob Dylan would visit him in 1960 -- the
Brooklyn State Hospital, in East Flatbush, and finally, the Creedmoor
Psychiatric Center in Queens Village, New York.
Arlo Guthrie was six when his father first went into the hospital, and
he later said he only remembers bits and pieces -- what he described as
"snapshots" -- of his father at home. Among these snapshots is a visit
during which Woody bought Arlo the $80 acoustic guitar on which the younger
Guthrie learned to play.
Marjorie Guthrie, who feared the family was forever teetering on the
edge of poverty, was angered by the purchase, but Woody was unmoved, arguing
strenuously than a cheaper guitar would only lead to the boy's frustration.
It was a pivotal moment in Arlo Guthrie's life. The next came in 1959,
when his mother, a former member of the Martha Graham Dance Company, began
teaching dance at the Indian Hill Arts Workshop, a summer camp outside of
Stockbridge, a small town in the Berkshires in western Massachusetts.
"Arlo really took to the country," his sister Nora said.
Then as now, Stockbridge was a fairly quiet town, a bedroom community
of Boston, which is some two-and-half hours away, and was perhaps best known
as the home of the illustrator Norman Rockwell, who lived on South Street,
and because of its proximity to Tanglewood, the summer home of the Boston
Symphony Orchestra.
In the Autumn of 1962, with his mother's blessing, Arlo enrolled as a
freshman at the Stockbridge School, a progressive high school with a music
and arts-heavy curriculum.
Settling into the routine at the small boarding school, where the
student body never numbered more than 200, Guthrie soon met Alice Brock, a
friendly and welcoming aspiring painter who had taken a job as a librarian
at the school, and her husband Ray, a architect and woodworker who looked
perpetually in need of shave, and was teaching shop there.
"It was a very small school, so you really got to know almost everybody
there, to one extent or another," Alice Brock remembered more than 50 years
later.
In the early 1960s most of the Stockbridge School staff lived in
dormitories during the school year, just like their students. Brock and her
husband, however, were assigned a cottage on the property -- a home that
soon became a refuge and a gathering place for Guthrie and his circle of
friends.
"Arlo played guitar and so did my husband -- it seemed like everybody
did then -- and pretty soon they were singing folk songs together," Brock
said. "That was the initial connection, I think. Ray was a very charismatic
guy; the boys just loved him -- the girls loved him too -- and they used to
come hang out with us."
"The cottage was a great place for the kids to come and smoke
cigarettes and we'd play music and I'd cook for them," she added.
Of course, there was more to it than that. In Alice Brock, Guthrie
found a kindred spirit.
"I had been somewhat rebellious when I was young, and it was actually
my mother who got me the job at Stockbridge School in an attempt ... to get
me under control, I guess," she said.
"I went to college in 1958 and left college in 1960, and I was very
involved in everything that was going on politically at the time," Brock
continued. "I marched on picket lines. I sat-in at Woolworths. I was
marching with the NAACP, and at the same time, I was involved in the
anti-nuclear weapon movement. I belonged to a group called Sane Nuclear
Policy."
It was also during this time that Brock began hanging out a lot in the
Village.
"It was a wonderful time," she said. "There was all kinds of great
music, and there were lots of things going on in the arts ... and I was an
attractive single young lady ... so I was popular with the men who were part
of the scene.
"It was a great time and a very healthful time -- and then I met Ray,"
she said. "At first we were beatniks. And then we became hippies. But, you
know, those are just names people apply to things."
###
Among the topics of conversation that first autumn in Stockbridge was
the old Trinity Church on Division Street in Great Barrington, a building
Alice and Ray paid no mind to when they first arrived in town, but which had
unexpectedly become a source of tension between them.
The tall white edifice, located about four miles from the Stockbridge
School, was built in 1829, and consecrated as the St. James Chapel. It was
enlarged and renamed Trinity Church 37 years later, but for many years prior
to the Brocks' arrival in the area, it had mostly stood vacant.
That is until Alice's mother, a real estate agent and still careworn
over her daughter's independent nature, politics and penchant for beatniks
and the Greenwich Village art scene, decided to buy it and present it to
Alice and Ray as a wedding present.
"Initially, we didn't do anything with it," Brock said. "I wanted to
move back to New York -- and we actually did move back to New York for a
little while -- but then somehow I got convinced to move back up.
"I don't remember how," she continued. "I don't remember what possible
argument had been made. But Ray was going to make the church into a living
space, which he did."
When they returned to Stockbridge the church was still, architecturally
speaking, a church -- one huge open space, with a ceiling 30-feet above it,
where the pews had been, and a 70-foot-tall bell tower that could only be
accessed by climbing a tall, vertical ladder.
"There really wasn't any living space in the building at all," Brock
said.
Quickly weighing their options, they decided to live in the bell tower,
which at time, "didn't have any floor," Brock pointed out.
"So we put in a teeny little staircase to get up there, put floors in,
and built some bedrooms and a bathroom," she said. "And the ground floor was
our living room and our kitchen."
"It was vertical living," she laughed.
Soon, the students who had gathered at the Brock's place on the
Stockbridge School grounds were hanging out at the church, and the smoking
and singing and eating resumed as if the couple had never returned to New
York.
Guthrie graduated from the Stockbridge School in the spring of 1965,
and entered Rocky Mountain College in BIllings, Montana that fall, intending
to study forestry. It took only a few weeks, however, to caused Guthrie to
suspect he'd made a mistake.
Seeing Thanksgiving break as the perfect opportunity to get away and
think things over, Guthrie enlisted friend and fellow Stockbridge School
alum Rick Robbins to join him on a road trip back to Massachusetts.
They set out from Montana in a red VW Microbus, stopping only in
Chicago and Philadelphia so that Guthrie could play some gigs to pay for gas
and food. Racing the disappearance of the fall foliage, they made their
deliberate way back to Stockbridge, the church and the Brocks, hoping to
arrive in time for the holiday dinner.
Meanwhile, back in Stockbridge, the Brocks were preparing for nothing
short of a gala, and that called for some strategizing.
"I decided I was going to do the Thanksgiving, and we thought, 'Why not
do it in style?'" Brock said. "We invited our friends from New York. We
invited our friends from Stockbridge. You know, everybody. We had this
gigantic space downstairs, why not take advantage of it?
"The only problem was, while the room was great to use in the
summertime, it was impractical to heat in the winter. We didn't live in the
downstairs, after all; so by the late fall, it would be freezing cold," she
said.
Ray was also using the downstairs space as a workshop, and had a number
of tools set up for ongoing work on the tower.
"Plus the guys had their motorcycles in there, and we had a big trapeze
set up as well," Brock said.
All of this had to be relocated, and the space filled with tables.
Then, for the comfort of their guests, the Brocks decided to fire up
the old boiler that was down in the basement.
"It was this old, coal-fired heating system," Brock said. "So we got a
ton or two of coal, and filled this gigantic thing, which was quite a
production by itself. After that, we hired a kid to stay down there and keep
shoveling coal, so we could use the ground floor space even though it was
the end of November."
As Guthrie, Robbins and the other guests arrived, Ray entertained;
Alice cooked.
"It's one of those dinners -- no matter the size of the gathering --
where you are committed to preparing very specific dishes," Brock said.
"I made a large turkey. I made stuffing. I made cranberry sauce. Mashed
potatoes. Candied Yams. Creamed onions. Apple pie. Pumpkin pie. Pecan pie,"
she said.
It was, Guthrie would sing later, "a Thanksgiving dinner that couldn't
be beat."
Ray Brock rose early the following morning and finding the great room
in complete disarray, woke Guthrie and Robbins and set them to work, helping
to clean the place up.
Backing the VW Microbus to the front door of the church, they proceeded
to literally cram it full of boxes, cartons, bottles, an old couch and other
rubbish, before heading off to the Great Barrington town dump on Route 7,
the main thoroughfare crossing through town.
Finding it closed, the drove around aimlessly -- no doubt thinking
about the leftovers that awaited them back at the old church -- when Guthrie
remembered a side road leading up Prospect Hill, a residential section of
Stockbridge, dotted mostly verdant estates across from the Indian Hill Music
Camp.
Guthrie drove to the crest of the hill and pulled the VW onto the
road's shoulder, the pebbles distinguishing it from the asphalt roadbed
making the sound of popping corn as the van rolled to a stop.
If one were inclined to throw a large amount of refuse over the side of
the hill -- and Guthrie was -- you could not ask for more auspicious spot.
The scene of the crime was a clearing, about a car-length wide, at a break
in the concrete wall that ran parallel to the lane.
The top of the wall, the only part visible from the road, was a
two-by-two-foot concrete barrier. At the break, the ends of the wall were
marked by white paint and the signs of repeated impacts and other rough
treatment. Guthrie and Robbins obviously weren't the first to stop at the
spot or to back up to the drop off.
Making the location all the more inviting was the concrete slab that
spanned the opening - a feature providing steady footing for fast work.
The wall extended several feet straight down, where it met ground that
gently sloped to a shallow valley, where conifers, plentiful bare elms,
beech and maples stood, and a tangle of leafless bushes and dried winter
grass waited to buffer the sound of anything dropped on them.
Guthrie and Robbins heaved their load over the side and headed back to
the church.
An hour or so later, having been summoned by property owner Nelson
Foote Sr., Stockbridge Police Chief William J. Obanhein climbed from his
blue Ford Galaxie police cruiser and stood at the top of the wall, surveying
the mess below. His jaw tightened.
"There must be a pickup truck's worth of stuff down there," he thought.
Obanhein, a large gruff man with a reputation for being quick to anger,
was the kind of local character that gave rise to the cliché "straight out
of central casting." Only in Obanhein's case it was literally true.
Beginning in the late 1950s, the illustrator Norman Rockwell --
Stockbridge's most famous resident -- frequently asked the police chief to
pose for him.
In June 1957, Obanhein appeared in the pages of Reader's Digest
magazine in "Policeman with Boys," an advertisement Rockwell created for the
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company.
Obanhein reprised his "role" as a law enforcement officer in one of
Rockwell's most controversial and enduring illustrations. "The Problem We
All With" depicts a six-year-old black girl, Ruby Bridges, being escorted by
four U.S. marshals to her first day at an all-white school in New Orleans.
The event the painting is based on occurred on Nov. 14, 1960, when
racist crowds jeered the youngster as she headed to class, and again in the
afternoon, when she walked home from the school.
Obanhein was one of four Stockbridge men who posed as one of the
marshals in mid-1963. A racial slur is scrawled on the wall behind them, as
are the letters "KKK". Remnants of a tomato hurled at the procession lay at
their feet.
Originally published as a centerfold in the January 14, 1964, issue of
Look magazine, the painting became an icon of the civil rights movement, and
in July 2011, President Barack Obama requested the original be hung outside
the Oval Office.
On the afternoon of Nov. 26, 1965, however, Obanhein was merely an
irate policeman, wading through trash. Finally, after what he later said was
"a very disagreeable two hours," he found a tell-tale clue: an envelope with
the name "Brock" on it.
A short time later, the phone rang at the church.
"He was pretty rough," said Alice Brock, who was on the receiving end
of the police chief's call.
Although she tried to shield Guthrie and Robbins from the Obanhein's
wrath, he heard her cup her hand over the receiver and ask someone in the
room where he'd dumped the trash. In short order, the truth of the matter
was out.
After collecting the two young men, Obanhein drove back to the pile of
garbage and took a series of photographs -- black and white, rather than the
"8X10 color glossies," immortalized in the song -- labeling them "Prospect
Hill Rubbish Dumping. File under Guthrie and Robbins 11/26/65."
He then placed the duo under arrest, and drove them to the Stockbridge
police station on Main Street. There, they were placed in a cell - a small,
room with green walls, a metal cot and chicken wire stretched over the
window -- and told to make themselves comfortable.
By the time Alice showed up to get them out of jail, she was livid.
Not only did she think Obanhein's arrest of her guests for littering a
gross over-reaction, but raising money for bail, on a weekend when banks
were closed, had been difficult.
"Let me tell you, it wasn't easy to come up with $50 in cash on
Thanksgiving weekend," Brock said. "It was a lot of quarters and dollar
bills. Everybody had to cough up some money."
Arriving at that station, Brock said "I went in there like
gangbusters."
"I yelled. I gave Obanhein a hard time. 'You let those guys out,' I
demanded. And let me tell you ... that approach did not work with him. He
almost arrested me as well."
Once the two calmed down, Brock paid the bail, and Guthrie and Robbins
were allowed to return to the church to await their hearing in the Lee
District Court the following day, a Saturday.
It was only after the presiding magistrate, Special Justice James F.
Hannon entered the courtroom that the defendants realized he was totally
blind, and their case was fated to be "a typical case of American Blind
justice."
After Guthrie and Robbins pleaded guilty, Hannon accept the bail
payment as their fine, and sentenced them to removing the rubbish that
afternoon, a task made complicated by the heavy rain that had fallen earlier
in the day.
After they were done, Obanhein gloated. He told a local newspaper
reporter that Guthrie and Robbins found dragging the refuse up the hillside
much harder than throwing it down.
He also said he hoped their case would be an example to others who were
tempted to be careless about their garbage disposal.
###
Many accounts of the writing of "Alice's Restaurant" suggest Guthrie
began toying with the idea almost as soon as he and Robbins returned to the
church after picking up the garbage. Some have even suggested Brock had a
hand in writing it.
Alice Brock herself said all of these accounts have gotten it wrong.
"That Thanksgiving dinner is only one element of the story, and many of
the things mentioned in it hadn't happened yet or simply didn't exist," she
said.
In fact, it would be months before Alice Brock opened her first
restaurant down a little alleyway behind Nejaimes Market, (now gone) at 40
Main Street in Stockbridge.
Before she went into business, "Alice's" had been a luncheonette,
serving mostly breakfast and lunch. It's decor consisted of a little counter
and a few booths.
But Alice didn't stay in business long. Realizing that her marriage was
crumbling, she closed the restaurant long before anyone ever heard its
namesake song. She didn't open another place until "Alice's Restaurant," the
movie, came out a few years later.
As for Arlo Guthrie, in the aftermath of Thanksgiving at the church, he
got swept up in the social and other changes that were fast coming to define
"the 60's," abruptly left college, and immediately became eligible for the
draft.
Guthrie's number was called in March 1966, a milestone that inspired
him to write a lengthy to his draft board, asking it to reconsider.
"I do not believe that war is a means to attain good, nor that it
creates love or respect for something good. ... Everyone involved can only
lose. We can only defeat our own purposed," he wrote.
He added later, "By going to war, I am going against my basis for
living. This is why I cannot go to war."
The government was unmoved.
Instead of forgetting the whole thing, it invited him to visit the New
York City induction center at 39 Whitehall Street, and make himself
available for a physical examination. But that's when a remarkable thing
happened -- Guthrie learned his Thanksgiving weekend arrest for littering
barred him from military service, preventing him from being sent to Vietnam.
"I just couldn't believe it," he told Rolling Stone in 2014.
With that, it took him about a year to write the song, he said.
"When I first started writing about it, it was just repeating or
telling my audience what had happened to me. Because I thought it was
funny," Guthrie told Rolling Stone.
Right from the start, Obanhein was transformed into "Officer Obie" and
the scene in the courtroom became "a typical case of American blind
justice."
But throughout the summer and fall of 1966, the song continued to grow,
as Guthrie sharpened the song's anti-authoritarian edge and refined it to
reflect changes in his life and those of his other protagonists.
By the time he had the more or less polished version of the "Alice
Restaurant" finished, the song, a spoken-word piece performed over ragtime
guitar, could run anywhere from 18 to 35 minutes, depending on Guthrie's
mood.
Brock said the first time she heard it, she thought it was great.
"But that's the thing about Arlo, he can take these disparate events
and have them all come together in his strange mind in a really unique and
entertaining way," she said.
"Of course, nobody thought anything was going to come of it," she said.
And there was good reason for this: FM rock radio didn't exist as
Guthrie was writing "Alice's Restaurant," and the tightly formatted Top 40
stations that dominated radio markets across the country were loathe to play
anything longer than two-and-a-half to three minutes.
In the meantime, he was making himself a presence on the New York City
folk scene, which brought him to the attention of Bob Fass, host of the
overnight "Radio Unnamable" program on WBAI, the non-commercial and
listener-sponsored Manhattan station owned by the Pacifica Foundation.
Fass, a former off-Broadway actor and pioneer of the free-form radio
format, strove each night for the intimacy, freedom of expression and
experimentation that had originally drawn him to the theater.
His one rule is that there would be a paucity of them. Callers could
talk as long as they wanted about any topic they wanted. His door would
always be open to any young musician or writer or activist who wanted to
stop by.
"Much of it was based on a kind of serendipity," Fass said.
In the mid-1960s his regular guests included everyone from Bob Dylan
and Phil Ochs to Abbie Hoffman and Allen Ginsberg.
Try as he might though, he had a hard time enticing Guthrie to come on
his show the first time.
"I had been hearing about him for a couple of months. He'd been playing
around the village, and somebody -- I don't remember who -- told me Woody
Guthrie had a son who was really good," Fass remembered. "So I tried to put
some feelers, to get him to come up, but for one reason or another, I didn't
get his attention."
Finally, Fass turned to a mutual friend, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, the
Brooklyn-born raconteur and cowboy singer who'd been an acolyte of Woody
Guthrie and who for a period in the mid-1960s, until it was no longer
necessary, had taken his friend's son under his wing.
"It was Jack Elliott who brought him up," Fass said. Sometime after
midnight on February 27, 1967, Arlo Guthrie sang "Alice's Restaurant" on the
radio for the very first time.
The response from listeners was almost instantaneous. By the time
Guthrie finished the song, all ten phone lines coming into Fass's studio
were lit up. The calls kept coming the next day, and for weeks after that.
Something extraordinary had happened on the air, they all agreed.
"Alice's Restaurant" crystallized a cultural moment -- their cultural moment
-- and they all wanted to hear it again. By May 1967, so many requests came
in for the station's recording of the song, that WBAI began using it to
support its fundraising efforts.
It was the only way one could hear the song at that point, as Guthrie's
debut album, on which "Alice's Restaurant" would take up an entire side,
wouldn't be released until the following October.
Ed Sanders, the poet and social activist who had just been featured on
the February 17, 1967, cover of Life Magazine as "a leader of New York's
Other Culture" when "Alice" had its radio debut, said Fass was ideally
positioned to be an early discoverer of people like Arlo Guthrie and Bob
Dylan and others.
"He had what they call in the business, 'good ears,'" Sanders said. "He
had good taste, and he always kept his radical sentiments, and he desire for
a better world, at the front of his mind.
"And remember, it wasn't so easy for people who expressed those
sentiments in those years," he continued. "Once you stood out against the
Vietnam War, or for legalization of marijuana, or even if you were just a
supporter of socially-aware rock and roll, you could face everything from
the FBI to the FCC to right-wing zealots who worked at crushing you down.
"People forget just how stressful a period the 60s really were,"
Sanders said.
Fifty years later, on stage in Newberry, South Carolina, Guthrie
expressed a similar feeling about the times that lent "Alice's Restaurant"
its initial context.
"It seemed like somewhere in the mid-1960s into the 1970s, the whole
world got thrown up in the air and everybody was waiting to see how it would
come back down," he said. "Nobody knew."
###
In July 1967, Guthrie took the song to the Newport Folk Festival, where
he was just one of a score of hopeful, promising artists at a three-day
event headlined by Joan Baez, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Pete Seeger and Sister
Rosetta Tharpe.
Among the other relative unknowns hoping to gain some career traction
by appearing were Leonard Cohen and the Incredible String Band.
Guthrie arrived early Sunday morning, July 16, 1967, and performed
"Alice's Restaurant" for the handful of people who turned up for a topical
song workshop.
That afternoon, Guthrie played it again, this time for an audience of
3,500 that was so rapturous in its response, festival producer George Wein
immediately corralled the musician and added him to the lineup of the
closing night concert.
There, after all the headliners had performed, Guthrie and "Alice's
Restaurant" brought an audience of 9,500 to their feet, after he asked an
all-star cast of 30 other festival singers to join him for the final
choruses.
The following day, The New York Times declared "Alice's Restaurant"
"the most unlikely song hit since 'Yes, We Have No Bananas' or 'Flat Foot
Floogee.'" [1] [3]
Enter the director Author Penn, who coming off the phenomenal success
of his "Bonnie and Clyde," had the clout to pick and choose what his next
project would be. He chose to adapt "Alice's Restaurant" to the screen.
The film stars Guthrie as himself, features Obanhein and Judge Hannon
prominently, as themselves, and includes several cameos by Alice Brock
herself -- although the characters of Alice and Ray Brock are played by Pat
Quinn and James Broderick, respectively.
Despite the presence of so many of the "real" characters from the song,
the political statement Penn wanted to make was simply different from the
intent behind the sing, and this led, in Alice Brock's view, with
regrettable liberties being taken.
Years later Penn said he wanted to show that the U.S. had become a
country "paralyzed by fear" in light of the shredding of its time-honored
institutions, and that in the end, he wanted to capture ephemeral nature of
the dreams of the young in the 1960s.
In the end "Alice's Restaurant" became the 21st highest grossing film
of 1969, and Guthrie incorporates stills from the movie into his
performances of the song today.
Speaking on stage at the Newberry Opera House, Guthrie recalled the
making of the movie in positive terms, and was almost gleeful that Obanhein
and Hannon appeared in it.
"That was part of the fun of doing it," he said.
"I remember, we were working on the very first scene in the movie, me
and Officer Obie somewhere in the garbage dump, and we were being
antagonistic toward each other because, after all, he had arrested me ... "
In fact, early on in the shooting, the dumping still appeared to be a
sore point with Obanhein.
Among the scenes described in a lengthy piece on the production that
appeared in Playboy magazine, is a conversation between the two men during a
break in filming.
Obanhein, the magazine said, was pressing Guthrie, noting that his
father had written a lot of songs loving America -- "This Land is Your land"
and all that" -- and what would he think of his son dumping garbage?
The magazine said Guthrie paused to contemplate his response and then
answered, "Geez, he'd be mad."
Today onstage, Guthrie hints at some initial tension, but recalls, "we
were working together every day for two weeks, and finally he comes up to be
one morning and says, 'Guthrie, if you hippies can get up at four in the
morning and work all day and not get tired, you can't be all bad.'"
"We became the best of friends and stayed that way until he passed away
some years ago," Guthrie said.
"That was one of the genius things about Arthur Penn," he continued.
"He was able to film us pretending not to like each other, and make it
appear convincing, when it fact by the end of the movie we'd in fact become
good friends."
But if Guthrie's views the movie "Alice's Restaurant" in a positive
light. The same was not always true of Alice Brock.
"I was very much not okay with it," Brock said when the subject was
broached.
The answer is not uncharacteristic of her. From even her earliest days
as an aspiring artist, "I didn't have the desire to put myself out there in
any public kind of way," she said.
"Frankly, as the song got bigger and bigger, it was embarrassing," she
continued. "I would walk in somewhere, and all these people would go, 'Oh,
you know who that is?' Or they'd point at me or whisper. ... and it got
really bad once the Arthur Penn movie came out."
Penn and his scriptwriter, Venable Herndon, never denied that while
they loved "Alice's Restaurant," the song -- the director told Playboy he
thought it a "witty and clever version of what the scene is for the kids
today" [2] [4]-- they felt that "something else was needed" to massage the
song into the film they envisioned.
"The movie made up a character 'Alice Brock' and that wasn't all there
was to me," Brock said. "And a lot of things portrayed in the movie just
weren't true. The church never was a commune; it was our home. And I
certainly never slept with Arlo Guthrie.
"When it comes to the things I do, I've never fallen prey to, 'But
everybody does that ... ' whether it came to cheating or ... whatever. I
have my own set of standards and I live by them," she said.
As poorly as she felt she was portrayed, Brock was equally upset that
her life as a private person seemed to evaporate with the release of the
film on August 19, 1969, only days after Guthrie appeared at the Woodstock
Festival.
"All of a sudden, people felt free to just walk up and start talking to
me ... because I was 'Alice" of 'Alice's Restaurant.' To be honest, I
thought the loss of my anonymity was terrible. I didn't want it," she said.
Still, she was smart enough to try to come to terms with the loss of
her privacy and make the adulation of the song and popularity of the movie
work for her. She opened a second iteration of "Alice's Restaurant" and even
published the "Alice's Restaurant Cookbook, featuring a recorded
introduction by Guthrie."
Later, she opened a third restaurant, "Alice's at Avaloch," in Lenox,
Massachusetts, an enterprise that included a motel and 23 acres of land
adjacent to the Tanglewood Music Festival. By then, FM rock radio was in its
heyday, and "Alice's Restaurant" had evolved into a holiday tradition, with
disc jockeys like Pete Fornatale at WNEW-FM in New York never neglecting to
play it precisely at noon on Thanksgiving Day.
But being "Alice," that "Alice," never became an occupation unto itself
for Brock.
"Put on the spot, I really don't know why that is," she said.
"Maybe it was integrity. Or maybe I just had no imagination," she
laughed. "But seriously, I'm just the same person that I've always been. I
mean, I'm a lot more savvy. And I have a lot more confidence ... but at the
end of the day, I'm just my own person."
Brock says it wasn't until she moved to Provincetown, Mass. and opened
her own art studio 36 years ago that she began to see "Alice's Restaurant"
as "a bit of a blessing for me."
"I realized that the song brought up wonderful memories for people, and
that for those people, I'm kind of a bellwether," she says, before adding
with a laugh. "I'm the symbol."
Laughing harder: "The living legend, as they say."
Since settling on Cape Cod, Brock has concentrated on quietly selling
prints and painted beach stones and other creations, written one book, "How
To Massage Your Cat," and illustrated another, Arlo Guthrie's "Mooses Come
Walking."
And if a visitor stops by her gallery and wants to talk about "Alice's
Restaurant," that's okay.
"The 1960s were very important to a lot of people, and this song ... is
the essence of that. People who were active back then draw a kind of
sustenance from it," she said.
That's not to suggest Alice, the real Alice, ever listens to "Alice's
Restaurant" herself.
"I don't," she said. "I mean, I have the record somewhere, but I don't
have a record player. I listen to the radio, and to CDs, but I've never been
one of those people who have music going all the time. I'm big on silence,
which I find restful."
Nevertheless, she said, the fact that people are snapping up tickets to
hear Guthrie sing "Alice's Restaurant" as the 50th anniversary of the
fateful Thanksgiving dinner approaches, "is amazing."
"I guess it rings some bells. People try to discredit the 1960s, but
the things we were trying to change then are still with us today, and still
need to be addressed. We're still at war. The corporations are running
amuck. In fact, it's probably worse now because these things are so
insidious," she said.
"'Alice's Restaurant' ... talks about these things ... about war and
governments and how out of touch they are with the people ... the song was
just the right thing at the right time. It still is," Brock said.
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Home > The Story Behind 'Alice's Restaurant' —the 50-Year-Old Song that Is
Forever Young
The Story Behind 'Alice's Restaurant' —the 50-Year-Old Song that Is Forever
Young
By Dan McCue [1] / Courthouse News [2]
November 27, 2015
(CN) - These days it comes right after intermission. It's ascending,
four-note introduction starting even before the stage lights come up.
"You still here?" Arlo Guthrie says in mock surprise as the anticipation in
the darkened hall gives way to sustained applause.
The sound coming from the audience almost eclipses the spare sound of
Guthrie's acoustic guitar, cresting just as the first verse approaches.
"Well, it sounds like you might have heard this before," Guthrie says,
adjusting his position on the wooden stool he occupies at center stage.
"I know I have," he adds ruefully.
For the next 18 minutes and 34 seconds -- more when he's in the mood --
Guthrie's audience sits enraptured, listening intently to the verses most of
them know by heart, and singing along on the choruses.
Somehow, the song originally titled "Alice's Restaurant Massacree," but
known for almost all of its life simply as "Alice's Restaurant," never grows
old. Its smirkily subversive message finds new adherents every year, while
in its familiar glow longtime acquaintances grow young again.
It all started 50 years ago this coming Thanksgiving, with a friendly
gesture that went comically awry, and later played a surprising and more
serious part in making in making Guthrie ineligible for the draft, keeping
him out of Vietnam.
However , the roots of "Alice's Restaurant" go back much further than that,
to Woody Guthrie's decision to settle in Coney Island, New York, where his
first son Arlo was born on July 10, 1947.
By the time he arrived in New York, Guthrie was well-established as one of
America's most important folk singers and songwriters, the majority of the
hundreds of songs he turned out commenting on social injustices and his
experiences traveling with displaced farmers from Dust Bowl era Texas and
Oklahoma, to California.
It was radio that cemented his image as "the Dust Bowl Troubadour," and his
daughter Nora Guthrie suggested he could have been a big radio star, but
inevitably, "his politics got in the way."
"That happened on almost every, single radio show he had," she said. "Woody
would start out and people loved him. He was very funny, personable, and
then, at a certain point, the sponsors would start getting uncomfortable
with the things he was talking and singing about. This was especially so
when his music became more political.
"So what would happen is, the sponsors would ignore the comedy and the
strong public response, and say, 'Could you please lighten up?" And Woody
would get upset and he quit almost every show he had," she said.
The move east was represented a chance to rekindle his radio career; it
became so much more.
Between stints on the CBS network, and the New York radio powerhouse,
WNEW-AM, Guthrie met Arlo and Nora's mother, Marjorie Greenblatt Mazia,
wrote what would become his most famous song, "This Land is Your Land,"
became a member of the Almanac Singers, and completed his long gestating
memoir, "Bound for Glory."
Despite being the keeper of her father's legacy, Nora Guthrie apologetically
admits she's far from a Woody Guthrie scholar. She doesn't know how her Dad
wound up in WNEW, for what would turn out to be his last programs as host.
She does, however, still possess the script from his very first WNEW show,
covered with notes written in her father's hand.
The date was Dec. 3, 1944.
"The show opened with just the sound of him playing guitar, and then, as he
continues to play, he goes into this spiel, talking about himself, his
songs, and what he hopes to convey over the course of the show," she said.
Looking down at the faded pages, Guthrie paused. Then she chuckled, as if to
a private joke.
"I want to say it's kind of like 'Alice's Restaurant,'" she said.
"And included within it are a lot of Woody's most famous quotes," Guthrie
continued. "For instance, he says, 'I hate a song that makes you think
you're not any good ... I hate a song that makes you think you were born to
lose.' And it goes on like that. It's a very iconic piece of Woody's
writing.
"And then he goes on to explain what his music is like, what his positions
are politically, and he talked about his support of labor union and so forth
..." Guthrie said.
The program lasted only until May 1945, when Woody Guthrie was inducted into
the Army, and then promptly joined the Merchant Marine.
But Woody Guthrie's life was never been less than complicated, and it became
even more so in the aftermath of World War II, when he was blacklisted for a
tenuous association with the Communist party, and first exhibited the
symptoms of Huntington's disease, a progressive genetic neurological
disorder that would ultimately kill him.
He and Mazia divorced in the early 1950s, a period when Guthrie's
increasingly erratic behavior was sometimes mistaken for sure signs of
insanity or drunkenness, and the doomed folksinger began an extended
hospitalization at the Greystone Park Psychiatric Hospital in Morris County,
New Jersey -- where the young Bob Dylan would visit him in 1960 -- the
Brooklyn State Hospital, in East Flatbush, and finally, the Creedmoor
Psychiatric Center in Queens Village, New York.
Arlo Guthrie was six when his father first went into the hospital, and he
later said he only remembers bits and pieces -- what he described as
"snapshots" -- of his father at home. Among these snapshots is a visit
during which Woody bought Arlo the $80 acoustic guitar on which the younger
Guthrie learned to play.
Marjorie Guthrie, who feared the family was forever teetering on the edge of
poverty, was angered by the purchase, but Woody was unmoved, arguing
strenuously than a cheaper guitar would only lead to the boy's frustration.
It was a pivotal moment in Arlo Guthrie's life. The next came in 1959, when
his mother, a former member of the Martha Graham Dance Company, began
teaching dance at the Indian Hill Arts Workshop, a summer camp outside of
Stockbridge, a small town in the Berkshires in western Massachusetts.
"Arlo really took to the country," his sister Nora said.
Then as now, Stockbridge was a fairly quiet town, a bedroom community of
Boston, which is some two-and-half hours away, and was perhaps best known as
the home of the illustrator Norman Rockwell, who lived on South Street, and
because of its proximity to Tanglewood, the summer home of the Boston
Symphony Orchestra.
In the Autumn of 1962, with his mother's blessing, Arlo enrolled as a
freshman at the Stockbridge School, a progressive high school with a music
and arts-heavy curriculum.
Settling into the routine at the small boarding school, where the student
body never numbered more than 200, Guthrie soon met Alice Brock, a friendly
and welcoming aspiring painter who had taken a job as a librarian at the
school, and her husband Ray, a architect and woodworker who looked
perpetually in need of shave, and was teaching shop there.
"It was a very small school, so you really got to know almost everybody
there, to one extent or another," Alice Brock remembered more than 50 years
later.
In the early 1960s most of the Stockbridge School staff lived in dormitories
during the school year, just like their students. Brock and her husband,
however, were assigned a cottage on the property -- a home that soon became
a refuge and a gathering place for Guthrie and his circle of friends.
"Arlo played guitar and so did my husband -- it seemed like everybody did
then -- and pretty soon they were singing folk songs together," Brock said.
"That was the initial connection, I think. Ray was a very charismatic guy;
the boys just loved him -- the girls loved him too -- and they used to come
hang out with us."
"The cottage was a great place for the kids to come and smoke cigarettes and
we'd play music and I'd cook for them," she added.
Of course, there was more to it than that. In Alice Brock, Guthrie found a
kindred spirit.
"I had been somewhat rebellious when I was young, and it was actually my
mother who got me the job at Stockbridge School in an attempt ... to get me
under control, I guess," she said.
"I went to college in 1958 and left college in 1960, and I was very involved
in everything that was going on politically at the time," Brock continued.
"I marched on picket lines. I sat-in at Woolworths. I was marching with the
NAACP, and at the same time, I was involved in the anti-nuclear weapon
movement. I belonged to a group called Sane Nuclear Policy."
It was also during this time that Brock began hanging out a lot in the
Village.
"It was a wonderful time," she said. "There was all kinds of great music,
and there were lots of things going on in the arts ... and I was an
attractive single young lady ... so I was popular with the men who were part
of the scene.
"It was a great time and a very healthful time -- and then I met Ray," she
said. "At first we were beatniks. And then we became hippies. But, you know,
those are just names people apply to things."
###
Among the topics of conversation that first autumn in Stockbridge was the
old Trinity Church on Division Street in Great Barrington, a building Alice
and Ray paid no mind to when they first arrived in town, but which had
unexpectedly become a source of tension between them.
The tall white edifice, located about four miles from the Stockbridge
School, was built in 1829, and consecrated as the St. James Chapel. It was
enlarged and renamed Trinity Church 37 years later, but for many years prior
to the Brocks' arrival in the area, it had mostly stood vacant.
That is until Alice's mother, a real estate agent and still careworn over
her daughter's independent nature, politics and penchant for beatniks and
the Greenwich Village art scene, decided to buy it and present it to Alice
and Ray as a wedding present.
"Initially, we didn't do anything with it," Brock said. "I wanted to move
back to New York -- and we actually did move back to New York for a little
while -- but then somehow I got convinced to move back up.
"I don't remember how," she continued. "I don't remember what possible
argument had been made. But Ray was going to make the church into a living
space, which he did."
When they returned to Stockbridge the church was still, architecturally
speaking, a church -- one huge open space, with a ceiling 30-feet above it,
where the pews had been, and a 70-foot-tall bell tower that could only be
accessed by climbing a tall, vertical ladder.
"There really wasn't any living space in the building at all," Brock said.
Quickly weighing their options, they decided to live in the bell tower,
which at time, "didn't have any floor," Brock pointed out.
"So we put in a teeny little staircase to get up there, put floors in, and
built some bedrooms and a bathroom," she said. "And the ground floor was our
living room and our kitchen."
"It was vertical living," she laughed.
Soon, the students who had gathered at the Brock's place on the Stockbridge
School grounds were hanging out at the church, and the smoking and singing
and eating resumed as if the couple had never returned to New York.
Guthrie graduated from the Stockbridge School in the spring of 1965, and
entered Rocky Mountain College in BIllings, Montana that fall, intending to
study forestry. It took only a few weeks, however, to caused Guthrie to
suspect he'd made a mistake.
Seeing Thanksgiving break as the perfect opportunity to get away and think
things over, Guthrie enlisted friend and fellow Stockbridge School alum Rick
Robbins to join him on a road trip back to Massachusetts.
They set out from Montana in a red VW Microbus, stopping only in Chicago and
Philadelphia so that Guthrie could play some gigs to pay for gas and food.
Racing the disappearance of the fall foliage, they made their deliberate way
back to Stockbridge, the church and the Brocks, hoping to arrive in time for
the holiday dinner.
Meanwhile, back in Stockbridge, the Brocks were preparing for nothing short
of a gala, and that called for some strategizing.
"I decided I was going to do the Thanksgiving, and we thought, 'Why not do
it in style?'" Brock said. "We invited our friends from New York. We invited
our friends from Stockbridge. You know, everybody. We had this gigantic
space downstairs, why not take advantage of it?
"The only problem was, while the room was great to use in the summertime, it
was impractical to heat in the winter. We didn't live in the downstairs,
after all; so by the late fall, it would be freezing cold," she said.
Ray was also using the downstairs space as a workshop, and had a number of
tools set up for ongoing work on the tower.
"Plus the guys had their motorcycles in there, and we had a big trapeze set
up as well," Brock said.
All of this had to be relocated, and the space filled with tables.
Then, for the comfort of their guests, the Brocks decided to fire up the old
boiler that was down in the basement.
"It was this old, coal-fired heating system," Brock said. "So we got a ton
or two of coal, and filled this gigantic thing, which was quite a production
by itself. After that, we hired a kid to stay down there and keep shoveling
coal, so we could use the ground floor space even though it was the end of
November."
As Guthrie, Robbins and the other guests arrived, Ray entertained; Alice
cooked.
"It's one of those dinners -- no matter the size of the gathering -- where
you are committed to preparing very specific dishes," Brock said.
"I made a large turkey. I made stuffing. I made cranberry sauce. Mashed
potatoes. Candied Yams. Creamed onions. Apple pie. Pumpkin pie. Pecan pie,"
she said.
It was, Guthrie would sing later, "a Thanksgiving dinner that couldn't be
beat."
Ray Brock rose early the following morning and finding the great room in
complete disarray, woke Guthrie and Robbins and set them to work, helping to
clean the place up.
Backing the VW Microbus to the front door of the church, they proceeded to
literally cram it full of boxes, cartons, bottles, an old couch and other
rubbish, before heading off to the Great Barrington town dump on Route 7,
the main thoroughfare crossing through town.
Finding it closed, the drove around aimlessly -- no doubt thinking about the
leftovers that awaited them back at the old church -- when Guthrie
remembered a side road leading up Prospect Hill, a residential section of
Stockbridge, dotted mostly verdant estates across from the Indian Hill Music
Camp.
Guthrie drove to the crest of the hill and pulled the VW onto the road's
shoulder, the pebbles distinguishing it from the asphalt roadbed making the
sound of popping corn as the van rolled to a stop.
If one were inclined to throw a large amount of refuse over the side of the
hill -- and Guthrie was -- you could not ask for more auspicious spot. The
scene of the crime was a clearing, about a car-length wide, at a break in
the concrete wall that ran parallel to the lane.
The top of the wall, the only part visible from the road, was a
two-by-two-foot concrete barrier. At the break, the ends of the wall were
marked by white paint and the signs of repeated impacts and other rough
treatment. Guthrie and Robbins obviously weren't the first to stop at the
spot or to back up to the drop off.
Making the location all the more inviting was the concrete slab that spanned
the opening - a feature providing steady footing for fast work.
The wall extended several feet straight down, where it met ground that
gently sloped to a shallow valley, where conifers, plentiful bare elms,
beech and maples stood, and a tangle of leafless bushes and dried winter
grass waited to buffer the sound of anything dropped on them.
Guthrie and Robbins heaved their load over the side and headed back to the
church.
An hour or so later, having been summoned by property owner Nelson Foote
Sr., Stockbridge Police Chief William J. Obanhein climbed from his blue Ford
Galaxie police cruiser and stood at the top of the wall, surveying the mess
below. His jaw tightened.
"There must be a pickup truck's worth of stuff down there," he thought.
Obanhein, a large gruff man with a reputation for being quick to anger, was
the kind of local character that gave rise to the cliché "straight out of
central casting." Only in Obanhein's case it was literally true. Beginning
in the late 1950s, the illustrator Norman Rockwell -- Stockbridge's most
famous resident -- frequently asked the police chief to pose for him.
In June 1957, Obanhein appeared in the pages of Reader's Digest magazine in
"Policeman with Boys," an advertisement Rockwell created for the
Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company.
Obanhein reprised his "role" as a law enforcement officer in one of
Rockwell's most controversial and enduring illustrations. "The Problem We
All With" depicts a six-year-old black girl, Ruby Bridges, being escorted by
four U.S. marshals to her first day at an all-white school in New Orleans.
The event the painting is based on occurred on Nov. 14, 1960, when racist
crowds jeered the youngster as she headed to class, and again in the
afternoon, when she walked home from the school.
Obanhein was one of four Stockbridge men who posed as one of the marshals in
mid-1963. A racial slur is scrawled on the wall behind them, as are the
letters "KKK". Remnants of a tomato hurled at the procession lay at their
feet.
Originally published as a centerfold in the January 14, 1964, issue of Look
magazine, the painting became an icon of the civil rights movement, and in
July 2011, President Barack Obama requested the original be hung outside the
Oval Office.
On the afternoon of Nov. 26, 1965, however, Obanhein was merely an irate
policeman, wading through trash. Finally, after what he later said was "a
very disagreeable two hours," he found a tell-tale clue: an envelope with
the name "Brock" on it.
A short time later, the phone rang at the church.
"He was pretty rough," said Alice Brock, who was on the receiving end of the
police chief's call.
Although she tried to shield Guthrie and Robbins from the Obanhein's wrath,
he heard her cup her hand over the receiver and ask someone in the room
where he'd dumped the trash. In short order, the truth of the matter was
out.
After collecting the two young men, Obanhein drove back to the pile of
garbage and took a series of photographs -- black and white, rather than the
"8X10 color glossies," immortalized in the song -- labeling them "Prospect
Hill Rubbish Dumping. File under Guthrie and Robbins 11/26/65."
He then placed the duo under arrest, and drove them to the Stockbridge
police station on Main Street. There, they were placed in a cell - a small,
room with green walls, a metal cot and chicken wire stretched over the
window -- and told to make themselves comfortable.
By the time Alice showed up to get them out of jail, she was livid.
Not only did she think Obanhein's arrest of her guests for littering a gross
over-reaction, but raising money for bail, on a weekend when banks were
closed, had been difficult.
"Let me tell you, it wasn't easy to come up with $50 in cash on Thanksgiving
weekend," Brock said. "It was a lot of quarters and dollar bills. Everybody
had to cough up some money."
Arriving at that station, Brock said "I went in there like gangbusters."
"I yelled. I gave Obanhein a hard time. 'You let those guys out,' I
demanded. And let me tell you ... that approach did not work with him. He
almost arrested me as well."
Once the two calmed down, Brock paid the bail, and Guthrie and Robbins were
allowed to return to the church to await their hearing in the Lee District
Court the following day, a Saturday.
It was only after the presiding magistrate, Special Justice James F. Hannon
entered the courtroom that the defendants realized he was totally blind, and
their case was fated to be "a typical case of American Blind justice."
After Guthrie and Robbins pleaded guilty, Hannon accept the bail payment as
their fine, and sentenced them to removing the rubbish that afternoon, a
task made complicated by the heavy rain that had fallen earlier in the day.
After they were done, Obanhein gloated. He told a local newspaper reporter
that Guthrie and Robbins found dragging the refuse up the hillside much
harder than throwing it down.
He also said he hoped their case would be an example to others who were
tempted to be careless about their garbage disposal.
###
Many accounts of the writing of "Alice's Restaurant" suggest Guthrie began
toying with the idea almost as soon as he and Robbins returned to the church
after picking up the garbage. Some have even suggested Brock had a hand in
writing it.
Alice Brock herself said all of these accounts have gotten it wrong.
"That Thanksgiving dinner is only one element of the story, and many of the
things mentioned in it hadn't happened yet or simply didn't exist," she
said.
In fact, it would be months before Alice Brock opened her first restaurant
down a little alleyway behind Nejaimes Market, (now gone) at 40 Main Street
in Stockbridge.
Before she went into business, "Alice's" had been a luncheonette, serving
mostly breakfast and lunch. It's decor consisted of a little counter and a
few booths.
But Alice didn't stay in business long. Realizing that her marriage was
crumbling, she closed the restaurant long before anyone ever heard its
namesake song. She didn't open another place until "Alice's Restaurant," the
movie, came out a few years later.
As for Arlo Guthrie, in the aftermath of Thanksgiving at the church, he got
swept up in the social and other changes that were fast coming to define
"the 60's," abruptly left college, and immediately became eligible for the
draft.
Guthrie's number was called in March 1966, a milestone that inspired him to
write a lengthy to his draft board, asking it to reconsider.
"I do not believe that war is a means to attain good, nor that it creates
love or respect for something good. ... Everyone involved can only lose. We
can only defeat our own purposed," he wrote.
He added later, "By going to war, I am going against my basis for living.
This is why I cannot go to war."
The government was unmoved.
Instead of forgetting the whole thing, it invited him to visit the New York
City induction center at 39 Whitehall Street, and make himself available for
a physical examination. But that's when a remarkable thing happened --
Guthrie learned his Thanksgiving weekend arrest for littering barred him
from military service, preventing him from being sent to Vietnam.
"I just couldn't believe it," he told Rolling Stone in 2014.
With that, it took him about a year to write the song, he said.
"When I first started writing about it, it was just repeating or telling my
audience what had happened to me. Because I thought it was funny," Guthrie
told Rolling Stone.
Right from the start, Obanhein was transformed into "Officer Obie" and the
scene in the courtroom became "a typical case of American blind justice."
But throughout the summer and fall of 1966, the song continued to grow, as
Guthrie sharpened the song's anti-authoritarian edge and refined it to
reflect changes in his life and those of his other protagonists.
By the time he had the more or less polished version of the "Alice
Restaurant" finished, the song, a spoken-word piece performed over ragtime
guitar, could run anywhere from 18 to 35 minutes, depending on Guthrie's
mood.
Brock said the first time she heard it, she thought it was great.
"But that's the thing about Arlo, he can take these disparate events and
have them all come together in his strange mind in a really unique and
entertaining way," she said.
"Of course, nobody thought anything was going to come of it," she said.
And there was good reason for this: FM rock radio didn't exist as Guthrie
was writing "Alice's Restaurant," and the tightly formatted Top 40 stations
that dominated radio markets across the country were loathe to play anything
longer than two-and-a-half to three minutes.
In the meantime, he was making himself a presence on the New York City folk
scene, which brought him to the attention of Bob Fass, host of the overnight
"Radio Unnamable" program on WBAI, the non-commercial and listener-sponsored
Manhattan station owned by the Pacifica Foundation.
Fass, a former off-Broadway actor and pioneer of the free-form radio format,
strove each night for the intimacy, freedom of expression and
experimentation that had originally drawn him to the theater.
His one rule is that there would be a paucity of them. Callers could talk as
long as they wanted about any topic they wanted. His door would always be
open to any young musician or writer or activist who wanted to stop by.
"Much of it was based on a kind of serendipity," Fass said.
In the mid-1960s his regular guests included everyone from Bob Dylan and
Phil Ochs to Abbie Hoffman and Allen Ginsberg.
Try as he might though, he had a hard time enticing Guthrie to come on his
show the first time.
"I had been hearing about him for a couple of months. He'd been playing
around the village, and somebody -- I don't remember who -- told me Woody
Guthrie had a son who was really good," Fass remembered. "So I tried to put
some feelers, to get him to come up, but for one reason or another, I didn't
get his attention."
Finally, Fass turned to a mutual friend, Ramblin' Jack Elliott, the
Brooklyn-born raconteur and cowboy singer who'd been an acolyte of Woody
Guthrie and who for a period in the mid-1960s, until it was no longer
necessary, had taken his friend's son under his wing.
"It was Jack Elliott who brought him up," Fass said. Sometime after midnight
on February 27, 1967, Arlo Guthrie sang "Alice's Restaurant" on the radio
for the very first time.
The response from listeners was almost instantaneous. By the time Guthrie
finished the song, all ten phone lines coming into Fass's studio were lit
up. The calls kept coming the next day, and for weeks after that.
Something extraordinary had happened on the air, they all agreed. "Alice's
Restaurant" crystallized a cultural moment -- their cultural moment -- and
they all wanted to hear it again. By May 1967, so many requests came in for
the station's recording of the song, that WBAI began using it to support its
fundraising efforts.
It was the only way one could hear the song at that point, as Guthrie's
debut album, on which "Alice's Restaurant" would take up an entire side,
wouldn't be released until the following October.
Ed Sanders, the poet and social activist who had just been featured on the
February 17, 1967, cover of Life Magazine as "a leader of New York's Other
Culture" when "Alice" had its radio debut, said Fass was ideally positioned
to be an early discoverer of people like Arlo Guthrie and Bob Dylan and
others.
"He had what they call in the business, 'good ears,'" Sanders said. "He had
good taste, and he always kept his radical sentiments, and he desire for a
better world, at the front of his mind.
"And remember, it wasn't so easy for people who expressed those sentiments
in those years," he continued. "Once you stood out against the Vietnam War,
or for legalization of marijuana, or even if you were just a supporter of
socially-aware rock and roll, you could face everything from the FBI to the
FCC to right-wing zealots who worked at crushing you down.
"People forget just how stressful a period the 60s really were," Sanders
said.
Fifty years later, on stage in Newberry, South Carolina, Guthrie expressed a
similar feeling about the times that lent "Alice's Restaurant" its initial
context.
"It seemed like somewhere in the mid-1960s into the 1970s, the whole world
got thrown up in the air and everybody was waiting to see how it would come
back down," he said. "Nobody knew."
###
In July 1967, Guthrie took the song to the Newport Folk Festival, where he
was just one of a score of hopeful, promising artists at a three-day event
headlined by Joan Baez, Buffy Sainte-Marie, Pete Seeger and Sister Rosetta
Tharpe.
Among the other relative unknowns hoping to gain some career traction by
appearing were Leonard Cohen and the Incredible String Band.
Guthrie arrived early Sunday morning, July 16, 1967, and performed "Alice's
Restaurant" for the handful of people who turned up for a topical song
workshop.
That afternoon, Guthrie played it again, this time for an audience of 3,500
that was so rapturous in its response, festival producer George Wein
immediately corralled the musician and added him to the lineup of the
closing night concert.
There, after all the headliners had performed, Guthrie and "Alice's
Restaurant" brought an audience of 9,500 to their feet, after he asked an
all-star cast of 30 other festival singers to join him for the final
choruses.
The following day, The New York Times declared "Alice's Restaurant" "the
most unlikely song hit since 'Yes, We Have No Bananas' or 'Flat Foot
Floogee.'" [1] [3]
Enter the director Author Penn, who coming off the phenomenal success of his
"Bonnie and Clyde," had the clout to pick and choose what his next project
would be. He chose to adapt "Alice's Restaurant" to the screen.
The film stars Guthrie as himself, features Obanhein and Judge Hannon
prominently, as themselves, and includes several cameos by Alice Brock
herself -- although the characters of Alice and Ray Brock are played by Pat
Quinn and James Broderick, respectively.
Despite the presence of so many of the "real" characters from the song, the
political statement Penn wanted to make was simply different from the intent
behind the sing, and this led, in Alice Brock's view, with regrettable
liberties being taken.
Years later Penn said he wanted to show that the U.S. had become a country
"paralyzed by fear" in light of the shredding of its time-honored
institutions, and that in the end, he wanted to capture ephemeral nature of
the dreams of the young in the 1960s.
In the end "Alice's Restaurant" became the 21st highest grossing film of
1969, and Guthrie incorporates stills from the movie into his performances
of the song today.
Speaking on stage at the Newberry Opera House, Guthrie recalled the making
of the movie in positive terms, and was almost gleeful that Obanhein and
Hannon appeared in it.
"That was part of the fun of doing it," he said.
"I remember, we were working on the very first scene in the movie, me and
Officer Obie somewhere in the garbage dump, and we were being antagonistic
toward each other because, after all, he had arrested me ... "
In fact, early on in the shooting, the dumping still appeared to be a sore
point with Obanhein.
Among the scenes described in a lengthy piece on the production that
appeared in Playboy magazine, is a conversation between the two men during a
break in filming.
Obanhein, the magazine said, was pressing Guthrie, noting that his father
had written a lot of songs loving America -- "This Land is Your land" and
all that" -- and what would he think of his son dumping garbage?
The magazine said Guthrie paused to contemplate his response and then
answered, "Geez, he'd be mad."
Today onstage, Guthrie hints at some initial tension, but recalls, "we were
working together every day for two weeks, and finally he comes up to be one
morning and says, 'Guthrie, if you hippies can get up at four in the morning
and work all day and not get tired, you can't be all bad.'"
"We became the best of friends and stayed that way until he passed away some
years ago," Guthrie said.
"That was one of the genius things about Arthur Penn," he continued. "He was
able to film us pretending not to like each other, and make it appear
convincing, when it fact by the end of the movie we'd in fact become good
friends."
But if Guthrie's views the movie "Alice's Restaurant" in a positive light.
The same was not always true of Alice Brock.
"I was very much not okay with it," Brock said when the subject was
broached.
The answer is not uncharacteristic of her. From even her earliest days as an
aspiring artist, "I didn't have the desire to put myself out there in any
public kind of way," she said.
"Frankly, as the song got bigger and bigger, it was embarrassing," she
continued. "I would walk in somewhere, and all these people would go, 'Oh,
you know who that is?' Or they'd point at me or whisper. ... and it got
really bad once the Arthur Penn movie came out."
Penn and his scriptwriter, Venable Herndon, never denied that while they
loved "Alice's Restaurant," the song -- the director told Playboy he thought
it a "witty and clever version of what the scene is for the kids today" [2]
[4]-- they felt that "something else was needed" to massage the song into
the film they envisioned.
"The movie made up a character 'Alice Brock' and that wasn't all there was
to me," Brock said. "And a lot of things portrayed in the movie just weren't
true. The church never was a commune; it was our home. And I certainly never
slept with Arlo Guthrie.
"When it comes to the things I do, I've never fallen prey to, 'But everybody
does that ... ' whether it came to cheating or ... whatever. I have my own
set of standards and I live by them," she said.
As poorly as she felt she was portrayed, Brock was equally upset that her
life as a private person seemed to evaporate with the release of the film on
August 19, 1969, only days after Guthrie appeared at the Woodstock Festival.
"All of a sudden, people felt free to just walk up and start talking to me
... because I was 'Alice" of 'Alice's Restaurant.' To be honest, I thought
the loss of my anonymity was terrible. I didn't want it," she said.
Still, she was smart enough to try to come to terms with the loss of her
privacy and make the adulation of the song and popularity of the movie work
for her. She opened a second iteration of "Alice's Restaurant" and even
published the "Alice's Restaurant Cookbook, featuring a recorded
introduction by Guthrie."
Later, she opened a third restaurant, "Alice's at Avaloch," in Lenox,
Massachusetts, an enterprise that included a motel and 23 acres of land
adjacent to the Tanglewood Music Festival. By then, FM rock radio was in its
heyday, and "Alice's Restaurant" had evolved into a holiday tradition, with
disc jockeys like Pete Fornatale at WNEW-FM in New York never neglecting to
play it precisely at noon on Thanksgiving Day.
But being "Alice," that "Alice," never became an occupation unto itself for
Brock.
"Put on the spot, I really don't know why that is," she said.
"Maybe it was integrity. Or maybe I just had no imagination," she laughed.
"But seriously, I'm just the same person that I've always been. I mean, I'm
a lot more savvy. And I have a lot more confidence ... but at the end of the
day, I'm just my own person."
Brock says it wasn't until she moved to Provincetown, Mass. and opened her
own art studio 36 years ago that she began to see "Alice's Restaurant" as "a
bit of a blessing for me."
"I realized that the song brought up wonderful memories for people, and that
for those people, I'm kind of a bellwether," she says, before adding with a
laugh. "I'm the symbol."
Laughing harder: "The living legend, as they say."
Since settling on Cape Cod, Brock has concentrated on quietly selling prints
and painted beach stones and other creations, written one book, "How To
Massage Your Cat," and illustrated another, Arlo Guthrie's "Mooses Come
Walking."
And if a visitor stops by her gallery and wants to talk about "Alice's
Restaurant," that's okay.
"The 1960s were very important to a lot of people, and this song ... is the
essence of that. People who were active back then draw a kind of sustenance
from it," she said.
That's not to suggest Alice, the real Alice, ever listens to "Alice's
Restaurant" herself.
"I don't," she said. "I mean, I have the record somewhere, but I don't have
a record player. I listen to the radio, and to CDs, but I've never been one
of those people who have music going all the time. I'm big on silence, which
I find restful."
Nevertheless, she said, the fact that people are snapping up tickets to hear
Guthrie sing "Alice's Restaurant" as the 50th anniversary of the fateful
Thanksgiving dinner approaches, "is amazing."
"I guess it rings some bells. People try to discredit the 1960s, but the
things we were trying to change then are still with us today, and still need
to be addressed. We're still at war. The corporations are running amuck. In
fact, it's probably worse now because these things are so insidious," she
said.
"'Alice's Restaurant' ... talks about these things ... about war and
governments and how out of touch they are with the people ... the song was
just the right thing at the right time. It still is," Brock said.
Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.
Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.
Report typos and corrections to 'corrections@xxxxxxxxxxxx'. [5]
Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.[6]
Source URL:
http://www.alternet.org/news-amp-politics/story-behind-alices-restaurant-50-
year-old-song-forever-young
Links:
[1] http://www.alternet.org/authors/dan-mccue
[2] http://courthousenews.com
[3]
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rant%20FINAL.doc#_ftn1
[4]
http://www.alternet.org/C:/Users/Reporter/Dropbox/REVISED%20ALICE's%20Restau
rant%20FINAL.doc#_ftn2
[5] mailto:corrections@xxxxxxxxxxxx?Subject=Typo on The Story Behind
'Alice's Restaurant' —the 50-Year-Old Song that Is Forever
Young
[6] http://www.alternet.org/
[7] http://www.alternet.org/%2Bnew_src%2B
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