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Home > Israeli Arms Fuel Atrocities in Africa
________________________________________
Israeli Arms Fuel Atrocities in Africa
By Rania Khalek [1] / The Electronic Intafada [2]
September 17, 2015
Israeli weapons are fueling atrocities in South Sudan [3], according to a
United Nations report [4] that sheds new light on the secretive Israeli arms
trade in Africa.
Authored by an investigative team assembled by the UN Security Council, the
report cites photographic evidence of automatic rifles made by Israel
Military Industries (IMI) being in the arsenal of South Sudan's army and
police. Known as Galil ACE, the guns have particularly been used by
bodyguards of high-ranking politicians and by senior army officers.
South Sudan was granted independence in 2011 following a civil war that
lasted for decades. Within days of its establishment, leading figures in the
Israeli weapons industry rushed [5] to advance their interests in the new
ally [6]against Iran's [7] influence in Sudan.
Since its secession in 2011, South Sudan has descended into civil war [8]
between opposing political factions.
The Israeli-armed South Sudanese military and government-aligned militias
are employing a "scorched earth policy" characterized by the systematic rape
of women and children, indiscriminate killings and the burning down of
entire villages with families inside their homes, according to the UN
report.
South Sudan is not the only African country in which the Israeli arms
industry is profiting from bloodshed.
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute [9]
(SIPRI), Israel does not disclose [10] detailed information about its arms
deals, most of which are brokered by shady intermediaries, typically retired
Israeli military personnel or civilian expatriates.
However, occasional news reports, public statements from officials and
investigations by nongovernmental organizations have drawn back the curtain
in recent years, revealing military involvement in more corners of Africa
[11] than can be detailed in a single article.
Using those sources, SIPRI was able to document the sale of major Israeli
weapons to Cameroon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Lesotho, Nigeria, Rwanda, the
Seychelles, South Africa and Uganda from 2006 to 2010.
Champion arms dealer
Despite its small size, for decades Israel has ranked among the world's top
10 arms exporters, an impressive feat for a nation no geographically bigger
than New Jersey.
This is partly due to Israel's use of the occupied West Bank [12] and Gaza
[13] as laboratories [14] to test and refine weapons and methods of
domination and control. This dynamic allows Israeli military firms to market
their products as "battle-tested" and "combat proven" - coveted labels that
give the nation a competitive edge in the international arms trade.
Israel's success is also attributable to its willingness to do business with
repressive regimes that even the United States and European countries avoid
arming directly.
In the case of South Sudan, the magnitude of atrocities compelled the
European Union to impose an arms embargo [15] and issue sanctions [16]
against the country's military leaders.
The US has similarly suspended [17] military aid and issued sanctions [18],
though it should be noted that the Obama administration enthusiastically
aided [19] the build-up of the South Sudanese army, despite knowing that it
had several thousand child soldiers within its ranks.
Israel, meanwhile, hosted [20] South Sudan at a weapons expo as recently as
June.
Aiding genocide
Acting as a weapons conduit to murderous regimes is hardly a new phenomenon
for Israel.
Under the leadership of Yitzhak Rabin [21], then prime minister, and Shimon
Peres [22], then foreign minister, Israel supplied [23] the Hutu-dominated
Rwandan government forces as well as the rebel army [24] led by Paul Kagame
with bullets, rifles and grenades as genocide was underway in that country
during the 1990s.
In addition to arming the killers, Israel trained [25] the Rwandan military
and paramilitary forces in the years leading up to the bloodbath.
After touring the killing fields, an Israeli arms dealer reportedly lauded
himself as a humanitarian for helping the victims die quickly with bullets
instead of machetes. "I'm actually a doctor," he remarked [23].
Israel has since forged close ties [26] with Kagame, Rwanda's current
autocratic president [27] who enjoys much support in the West.
Weapons depot for despots
As Israeli weapons contracts from the US and Europe decline due to reduced
defense budgets, developing countries in Latin America and Africa have
become Israel's fastest-growing markets [28].
Israeli arms sales to Africa doubled [29] between 2012 and 2013 and
ballooned another 40 percent [28] in 2014, reaching $318 million that year.
It's unclear whether these totals account for the weapons and military
training Israel provided to Uganda [30] and possibly Rwanda [31] as
compensation for agreeing to take in African refugees expelled from Israel.
While Israel has no qualms contributing to turmoil in African countries, it
refuses [32] to grant asylum to Africans on its soil, preferring instead to
imprison and deport [33] them back to the horrors they escaped. Some have
been imprisoned, tortured and even killed [34] since their expulsion.
What is clear is that Israel's African customers comprise a who's who of
undemocratic regimes that brutally oppress their citizens.
Cameroon's Rapid Intervention Brigade (BIR), which engages in routine
extrajudicial assassinations and "disappearances" [35], is trained [36] by a
retired Israeli army commander, Mayer Heretz.
In 2009, BIR was deployed to crush demonstrations against economic
inequality, killing as many as 100 protesters [37].
Cameroon's notoriously brutal [38] presidential guard unit, which is vital
to maintaining the 33-year rule of dictator Paul Biya [39], was trained [40]
by another retired Israeli army commander, Avi Sivan.
Prolonging the rule of repressive regimes in Africa is a long-held Israeli
tradition.
Israel equipped [41] the South African apartheid [42] regime with weapons in
the 1970s and '80s in violation of international sanctions.
Safeguarding corporate plunder
Decades of stealing and colonizing Palestinian land and resources has
qualified Israel with unique expertise in subduing resistance and
maintaining colonial plunder.
As Jimmy Johnson, an activist and researcher on Israel's arms trade, has
explained [43], "The 19th century ethnocentric nationalism that drove the
creation of Israel . often obscures the fact that the dispossession of
Palestinians has included a massive upward transfer of wealth from colonized
to colonizer and from occupied to occupier."
Israel isn't just delivering arms to Africa. It is offering a successful
model for securing the spoils of neocolonialism from a growing underclass
dispossessed and abandoned by the ravages of globalized capitalism.
Israel's occupation is "exported to fight the redistribution of wealth," as
Johnson has noted.
Just south of Cameroon, Israeli military companies have raked in millions of
dollars [44] selling military hardware [45] to the tiny oil-rich nation of
Equatorial Guinea.
Equatorial Guinea is home to one of the most unequal [46] societies in the
world.
The former Spanish colony's ruthless dictator, Teodoro Obiang, has enriched
himself with handsome payments [47]from US oil companies, which in turn
exploit the country's massive oil reserves without hindrance.
To preserve his rule, Obiang depends on a presidential guard almost
certainly [48] trained by Israel [44], while relying on Israeli hardware
perfected in Gaza to protect Exxon's oil rigs [49].
Obiang's security forces are notorious for carrying out widespread torture
[50] and summary executions [51] of political opponents.
In 2008, Israel secured an estimated $100 million weapons deal [44] with
Equatorial Guinea, which involved the purchase of four IMI Shaldag patrol
boats and a Saar missile boat manufactured by Israel Shipyards. "IMI's boats
are intended to secure the oil rigs at sea," according to the Israeli
newspaper Haaretz [52].
These are the same vessels used by the Israeli navy to enforce [53] the sea
blockade of Gaza and fire [54] on its inhabitants.
While Israel helps US oil companies and the Obiang family cash in, 1 in 10
children in Equatorial Guinea dies [55]before his or her fifth birthday.
Moreover, less than half the country's citizens have access to clean
drinking water.
In Angola's Cabinda province, Aerostar, a drone [56] made by the Israeli
company Aeronautics Defense Systems, safeguards [57] offshore oil rigs for
private companies, including Chevron [58].
In the Niger Delta, an assortment of Israeli surveillance vehicles,
including the Aerostar and Seastar [59] from Aeronautics and the Shaldag
patrol boat [60] from Israel Shipyards, protect Chevron's oil platforms from
potential obstacles to the corporate pillaging of Nigeria's resources.
This is in addition to Nigeria's Internet surveillance system, installed
[61] by Israel's largest military firm, Elbit Systems [62], in 2013.
Exporting "war on terror"
With the rise of Boko Haram, Nigeria [63] has in recent years adopted the
"war on terror" doctrine first pushed by Israel [64] to justify its ongoing
conquest of Palestine.
"Israel has been a crucial and loyal ally in our fight against Boko Haram,"
a Nigerian government official was quoted as saying [65] early this year.
"It is a sad reality that Israel has a great deal of experience confronting
terrorism. Our Israeli partners have used that experience, and the unique
expertise gained over years of fighting terror within its own borders, to
assist us," added the official, conflating Palestinian resistance to Israeli
colonial violence with terrorism perpetrated by a militant group to which
Palestinians have no relation.
Fully supportive of his government's conduct, one Nigerian Christian
activist told The Jerusalem Post, "I am like an Israeli settler in the West
Bank in the midst of Palestinians."
This attitude has been nothing short of disastrous.
Since 2012, under the cover of routing Boko Haram, the Nigerian military has
extrajudicially executed [66] 1,200 people and arbitrarily arrested 20,000
boys and young men, at least 7,000 of whom died in military detention from
starvation, medical neglect and overcrowding.
Kenyan death squads in the General Service Unit, the paramilitary wing of
that country's police and military, have similarly adopted the "Israeli
rulebook" for extrajudicial killings of outspoken Muslim clerics.
Death squad officers interviewed by Al Jazeera last year revealed that their
units are trained by Israel [67].
"Exporting the experience of Zionism"
In his 1987 book The Israeli Connection, Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
characterized [68] Israel's support for tyrants in developing countries as
"a direct outgrowth of what it has done at home."
"What Israel is doing in the Third World," asserted Beit-Hallahmi, "is
simply to export the Middle East experience of Zionism," characterized by
conquest and pacification.
Israel is exporting "not just a technology of domination, but a worldview
that undergirds that technology," he added.
It is exporting "the logic of the oppressor . a certain frame of mind, a
feeling that the Third World can be controlled and dominated, that radical
movements in the Third World can be stopped, that modern Crusaders still
have a future."
This is precisely what Israel is doing in Africa today, with predictably
deadly consequences.
Rania Khalek is an independent journalist living in the Washington, DC,
area.
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[1] http://www.alternet.org/authors/rania-khalek
[2] http://electronicIntifada.net/new.shtml
[3] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/south-sudan
[4] http://www.un.org/ga/search/view_doc.asp?symbol=S/2015/656
[5] http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4097591,00.html
[6]
http://www.haaretz.com/business/south-sudan-says-it-signed-oil-deal-with-isr
ael.premium-1.494987%E2%80%9D%3Eoil-rich%3C/a%3E%20state.%20%20%3C/p%3E%3Cp%
3EBoth%20the%20South%20Sudanese%20army%20and%20police%20were%20furnished%20w
ith%20Israeli%20equipment%20and%20training.%20%3C/p%3E%3Cp%3EThe%20weapons%2
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te,%20which%20views%20South%20Sudan%20as%20an%20%3Ca%20%20data-cke-saved-hre
f=
[7] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/iran
[8] http://www.unocha.org/south-sudan/
[9]
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nstitute
[10] http://books.sipri.org/product_info?c_product_id=432
[11] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/africa
[12] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/west-bank
[13] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/gaza
[14]
https://electronicintifada.net/blogs/rania-khalek/sixty-percent-global-drone
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[15] http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article53373
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[17] http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article50123
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d-soldiers/
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[21] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/yitzhak-rabin
[22] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/shimon-peres
[23] http://www.haaretz.com/news/features/.premium-1.635058
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[25]
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cidaires-should-
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embrace-bu/
[27]
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arling-tyrant-103963
[28] http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.657613
[29] http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/.premium-1.628444
[30] http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel/.premium-1.544380
[31]
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[33]
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120612
[34]
http://972mag.com/exclusive-israel-deports-most-asylum-seekers-to-home-count
ries-where-they-face-death-or-prison/110614/
[35] https://www.amnesty.org/en/countries/africa/cameroon/report-cameroon/
[36] https://www.ihs.com/country-industry-forecasting.html?ID=1065997754
[37]
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it-strays-from-its-mission
[38]
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-19-06-2011/
[40] http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3988506,00.html
[41] http://www.theguardian.com/world/2006/feb/07/southafrica.israel
[42] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/apartheid
[43]
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inequality-management/8072
[44]
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ering-e-guinea-arms-sales-1.257051
[45]
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[46]
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[47] http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/articles/A1101-2004Sep6.html
[48]
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[49]
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[50] http://www.nytimes.com/2011/05/31/world/africa/31guinea.html
[51] https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/AFR24/015/2010/en/
[52]
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[53]
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y-off-the-Gaza-Coast-369223
[54] http://www.jpost.com/landedpages/printarticle.aspx?id=128591
[55] http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13317174
[56] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/drones
[57]
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VnP1A
[58] http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-731810
[59]
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for-Coastal-Surveillance_n000005157.aspx
[60]
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mp;id=29434:nigerian-navy-commissions-shaldag-ocea-vessels&catid=51:Sea&
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ves-nigeria-install-internet-surveillance-system
[62] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/elbit
[63] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/nigeria
[64] http://mondoweiss.net/2014/08/israels-terrorism-ideological
[65]
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[67] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUjOdjdH8Uk
[68]
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AOP&dq=Middle%20East%20experience%20of%20Zionism%20Benjamin%20Beit-Halla
hmi&pg=PA248#v=onepage&q&f=false
[69] mailto:corrections@xxxxxxxxxxxx?Subject=Typo on Israeli Arms Fuel
Atrocities in Africa
[70] http://www.alternet.org/
[71] http://www.alternet.org/%2Bnew_src%2B
Published on Alternet (http://www.alternet.org)
Home > Israeli Arms Fuel Atrocities in Africa
Israeli Arms Fuel Atrocities in Africa
By Rania Khalek [1] / The Electronic Intafada [2]
September 17, 2015
Israeli weapons are fueling atrocities in South Sudan [3], according to a
United Nations report [4] that sheds new light on the secretive Israeli arms
trade in Africa.
Authored by an investigative team assembled by the UN Security Council, the
report cites photographic evidence of automatic rifles made by Israel
Military Industries (IMI) being in the arsenal of South Sudan's army and
police. Known as Galil ACE, the guns have particularly been used by
bodyguards of high-ranking politicians and by senior army officers.
South Sudan was granted independence in 2011 following a civil war that
lasted for decades. Within days of its establishment, leading figures in the
Israeli weapons industry rushed [5] to advance their interests in the new
ally [6]against Iran's [7] influence in Sudan.
Since its secession in 2011, South Sudan has descended into civil war [8]
between opposing political factions.
The Israeli-armed South Sudanese military and government-aligned militias
are employing a "scorched earth policy" characterized by the systematic rape
of women and children, indiscriminate killings and the burning down of
entire villages with families inside their homes, according to the UN
report.
South Sudan is not the only African country in which the Israeli arms
industry is profiting from bloodshed.
According to the Stockholm International Peace Research Institute [9]
(SIPRI), Israel does not disclose [10] detailed information about its arms
deals, most of which are brokered by shady intermediaries, typically retired
Israeli military personnel or civilian expatriates.
However, occasional news reports, public statements from officials and
investigations by nongovernmental organizations have drawn back the curtain
in recent years, revealing military involvement in more corners of Africa
[11] than can be detailed in a single article.
Using those sources, SIPRI was able to document the sale of major Israeli
weapons to Cameroon, Chad, Equatorial Guinea, Lesotho, Nigeria, Rwanda, the
Seychelles, South Africa and Uganda from 2006 to 2010.
Champion arms dealer
Despite its small size, for decades Israel has ranked among the world's top
10 arms exporters, an impressive feat for a nation no geographically bigger
than New Jersey.
This is partly due to Israel's use of the occupied West Bank [12] and Gaza
[13] as laboratories [14] to test and refine weapons and methods of
domination and control. This dynamic allows Israeli military firms to market
their products as "battle-tested" and "combat proven" - coveted labels that
give the nation a competitive edge in the international arms trade.
Israel's success is also attributable to its willingness to do business with
repressive regimes that even the United States and European countries avoid
arming directly.
In the case of South Sudan, the magnitude of atrocities compelled the
European Union to impose an arms embargo [15] and issue sanctions [16]
against the country's military leaders.
The US has similarly suspended [17] military aid and issued sanctions [18],
though it should be noted that the Obama administration enthusiastically
aided [19] the build-up of the South Sudanese army, despite knowing that it
had several thousand child soldiers within its ranks.
Israel, meanwhile, hosted [20] South Sudan at a weapons expo as recently as
June.
Aiding genocide
Acting as a weapons conduit to murderous regimes is hardly a new phenomenon
for Israel.
Under the leadership of Yitzhak Rabin [21], then prime minister, and Shimon
Peres [22], then foreign minister, Israel supplied [23] the Hutu-dominated
Rwandan government forces as well as the rebel army [24] led by Paul Kagame
with bullets, rifles and grenades as genocide was underway in that country
during the 1990s.
In addition to arming the killers, Israel trained [25] the Rwandan military
and paramilitary forces in the years leading up to the bloodbath.
After touring the killing fields, an Israeli arms dealer reportedly lauded
himself as a humanitarian for helping the victims die quickly with bullets
instead of machetes. "I'm actually a doctor," he remarked [23].
Israel has since forged close ties [26] with Kagame, Rwanda's current
autocratic president [27] who enjoys much support in the West.
Weapons depot for despots
As Israeli weapons contracts from the US and Europe decline due to reduced
defense budgets, developing countries in Latin America and Africa have
become Israel's fastest-growing markets [28].
Israeli arms sales to Africa doubled [29] between 2012 and 2013 and
ballooned another 40 percent [28] in 2014, reaching $318 million that year.
It's unclear whether these totals account for the weapons and military
training Israel provided to Uganda [30] and possibly Rwanda [31] as
compensation for agreeing to take in African refugees expelled from Israel.
While Israel has no qualms contributing to turmoil in African countries, it
refuses [32] to grant asylum to Africans on its soil, preferring instead to
imprison and deport [33] them back to the horrors they escaped. Some have
been imprisoned, tortured and even killed [34] since their expulsion.
What is clear is that Israel's African customers comprise a who's who of
undemocratic regimes that brutally oppress their citizens.
Cameroon's Rapid Intervention Brigade (BIR), which engages in routine
extrajudicial assassinations and "disappearances" [35], is trained [36] by a
retired Israeli army commander, Mayer Heretz.
In 2009, BIR was deployed to crush demonstrations against economic
inequality, killing as many as 100 protesters [37].
Cameroon's notoriously brutal [38] presidential guard unit, which is vital
to maintaining the 33-year rule of dictator Paul Biya [39], was trained [40]
by another retired Israeli army commander, Avi Sivan.
Prolonging the rule of repressive regimes in Africa is a long-held Israeli
tradition.
Israel equipped [41] the South African apartheid [42] regime with weapons in
the 1970s and '80s in violation of international sanctions.
Safeguarding corporate plunder
Decades of stealing and colonizing Palestinian land and resources has
qualified Israel with unique expertise in subduing resistance and
maintaining colonial plunder.
As Jimmy Johnson, an activist and researcher on Israel's arms trade, has
explained [43], "The 19th century ethnocentric nationalism that drove the
creation of Israel . often obscures the fact that the dispossession of
Palestinians has included a massive upward transfer of wealth from colonized
to colonizer and from occupied to occupier."
Israel isn't just delivering arms to Africa. It is offering a successful
model for securing the spoils of neocolonialism from a growing underclass
dispossessed and abandoned by the ravages of globalized capitalism.
Israel's occupation is "exported to fight the redistribution of wealth," as
Johnson has noted.
Just south of Cameroon, Israeli military companies have raked in millions of
dollars [44] selling military hardware [45] to the tiny oil-rich nation of
Equatorial Guinea.
Equatorial Guinea is home to one of the most unequal [46] societies in the
world.
The former Spanish colony's ruthless dictator, Teodoro Obiang, has enriched
himself with handsome payments [47]from US oil companies, which in turn
exploit the country's massive oil reserves without hindrance.
To preserve his rule, Obiang depends on a presidential guard almost
certainly [48] trained by Israel [44], while relying on Israeli hardware
perfected in Gaza to protect Exxon's oil rigs [49].
Obiang's security forces are notorious for carrying out widespread torture
[50] and summary executions [51] of political opponents.
In 2008, Israel secured an estimated $100 million weapons deal [44] with
Equatorial Guinea, which involved the purchase of four IMI Shaldag patrol
boats and a Saar missile boat manufactured by Israel Shipyards. "IMI's boats
are intended to secure the oil rigs at sea," according to the Israeli
newspaper Haaretz [52].
These are the same vessels used by the Israeli navy to enforce [53] the sea
blockade of Gaza and fire [54] on its inhabitants.
While Israel helps US oil companies and the Obiang family cash in, 1 in 10
children in Equatorial Guinea dies [55]before his or her fifth birthday.
Moreover, less than half the country's citizens have access to clean
drinking water.
In Angola's Cabinda province, Aerostar, a drone [56] made by the Israeli
company Aeronautics Defense Systems, safeguards [57] offshore oil rigs for
private companies, including Chevron [58].
In the Niger Delta, an assortment of Israeli surveillance vehicles,
including the Aerostar and Seastar [59] from Aeronautics and the Shaldag
patrol boat [60] from Israel Shipyards, protect Chevron's oil platforms from
potential obstacles to the corporate pillaging of Nigeria's resources.
This is in addition to Nigeria's Internet surveillance system, installed
[61] by Israel's largest military firm, Elbit Systems [62], in 2013.
Exporting "war on terror"
With the rise of Boko Haram, Nigeria [63] has in recent years adopted the
"war on terror" doctrine first pushed by Israel [64] to justify its ongoing
conquest of Palestine.
"Israel has been a crucial and loyal ally in our fight against Boko Haram,"
a Nigerian government official was quoted as saying [65] early this year.
"It is a sad reality that Israel has a great deal of experience confronting
terrorism. Our Israeli partners have used that experience, and the unique
expertise gained over years of fighting terror within its own borders, to
assist us," added the official, conflating Palestinian resistance to Israeli
colonial violence with terrorism perpetrated by a militant group to which
Palestinians have no relation.
Fully supportive of his government's conduct, one Nigerian Christian
activist told The Jerusalem Post, "I am like an Israeli settler in the West
Bank in the midst of Palestinians."
This attitude has been nothing short of disastrous.
Since 2012, under the cover of routing Boko Haram, the Nigerian military has
extrajudicially executed [66] 1,200 people and arbitrarily arrested 20,000
boys and young men, at least 7,000 of whom died in military detention from
starvation, medical neglect and overcrowding.
Kenyan death squads in the General Service Unit, the paramilitary wing of
that country's police and military, have similarly adopted the "Israeli
rulebook" for extrajudicial killings of outspoken Muslim clerics.
Death squad officers interviewed by Al Jazeera last year revealed that their
units are trained by Israel [67].
"Exporting the experience of Zionism"
In his 1987 book The Israeli Connection, Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
characterized [68] Israel's support for tyrants in developing countries as
"a direct outgrowth of what it has done at home."
"What Israel is doing in the Third World," asserted Beit-Hallahmi, "is
simply to export the Middle East experience of Zionism," characterized by
conquest and pacification.
Israel is exporting "not just a technology of domination, but a worldview
that undergirds that technology," he added.
It is exporting "the logic of the oppressor . a certain frame of mind, a
feeling that the Third World can be controlled and dominated, that radical
movements in the Third World can be stopped, that modern Crusaders still
have a future."
This is precisely what Israel is doing in Africa today, with predictably
deadly consequences.
Rania Khalek is an independent journalist living in the Washington, DC,
area.
Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.
Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.
Report typos and corrections to 'corrections@xxxxxxxxxxxx'. [69]
Error! Hyperlink reference not valid.[70]
Source URL:
http://www.alternet.org/world/israeli-arms-fuel-atrocities-africa
Links:
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[2] http://electronicIntifada.net/new.shtml
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3EBoth%20the%20South%20Sudanese%20army%20and%20police%20were%20furnished%20w
ith%20Israeli%20equipment%20and%20training.%20%3C/p%3E%3Cp%3EThe%20weapons%2
0industry%20appeared%20to%20have%20the%20blessing%20of%20the%20Israeli%20eli
te,%20which%20views%20South%20Sudan%20as%20an%20%3Ca%20%20data-cke-saved-hre
f=
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[11] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/africa
[12] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/west-bank
[13] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/gaza
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[15] http://www.sudantribune.com/spip.php?article53373
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[43]
https://electronicintifada.net/content/unmanned-aerial-vehicles-and-warfare-
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[52]
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ea-presidential-guard-1.160375%E2%80%9D
[53]
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y-off-the-Gaza-Coast-369223
[54] http://www.jpost.com/landedpages/printarticle.aspx?id=128591
[55] http://www.bbc.com/news/world-africa-13317174
[56] https://electronicintifada.net/tags/drones
[57]
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VnP1A
[58] http://www.globes.co.il/en/article-731810
[59]
http://www.deagel.com/news/Nigeria-Purchases-Aerostar-UAVs-and-SeaStar-USVs-
for-Coastal-Surveillance_n000005157.aspx
[60]
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mp;id=29434:nigerian-navy-commissions-shaldag-ocea-vessels&catid=51:Sea&
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[66] https://www.amnesty.org/en/documents/afr44/1657/2015/en/
[67] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lUjOdjdH8Uk
[68]
https://books.google.com/books?id=7v-g21ksdVsC&lpg=PA248&ots=V01to4T
AOP&dq=Middle%20East%20experience%20of%20Zionism%20Benjamin%20Beit-Halla
hmi&pg=PA248#v=onepage&q&f=false
[69] mailto:corrections@xxxxxxxxxxxx?Subject=Typo on Israeli Arms Fuel
Atrocities in Africa
[70] http://www.alternet.org/
[71] http://www.alternet.org/%2Bnew_src%2B
