Protesters clash during a Berkeley rally on Saturday. (photo: David Butow/LA
Times)
How Berkeley Became Epicenter of Violent Trump Clashes
By Paige St. John and Shelby Grad, The Los Angeles Times
17 April 17
Berkeley, long a hotbed of political protest, has emerged as a flashpoint in
the Trump era.
The latest example of this came Saturday, when clashes between backers and
critics of the president resulted in 21 arrests.
Berkeley is one of America's most liberal cities, with a long history of
left-wing activism. Trump supporters used the city as a setting for a
Patriots Day rally Saturday.
But it goes beyond protests and counter-protests.
A February scheduled appearance by conservative provocateur Milo
Yiannopoulos was canceled amid a violent protest on the UC Berkeley campus.
That sparked a national debate - in which Trump himself took part - about
the line between the right to demonstrate and protecting free speech that
some find objectionable.
Why Berkeley?
For one thing, the city, along with Oakland and San Francisco, has a
long-established protest culture. The UC Berkeley campus is famously known
as the home of the Free Speech Movement. So when pro-Trump forces decided to
rally there, plenty of counter-protesters were at the ready to respond.
Saturday's event brought out a small but robust crowd of Trump supporters.
Stewart Rhodes, founder of the citizen militia group known as the Oath
Keepers, said he came from Montana with about 50 others to protect Trump
supporters. They were joined by bikers and others who vowed to fight members
of an anti-fascist group if they crossed police barricades.
"I don't mind hitting" the counter-demonstrators, Rhodes said. "In fact, I
would kind of enjoy it."
Having said that, there were violent clashes in Huntington Beach, a
decidedly less liberal place, a few weeks ago.
Berkeley is also a potent symbol because of its role as the birthplace of
the Free Speech Movement in 1964:
Before fall 1964, students' politicking had been limited to a small sidewalk
strip thought to be off-campus and immune from university restrictions.
Students such as Mario Savio returned from searing experiences as civil
rights workers in the South and sought to expand campaigns in California,
upsetting some state legislators.
After learning that the property was owned by UC, school authorities moved
to shut down the area and ban the tables and pamphleting there. Activists
challenged the rules by resuming their activities. Three months of
confrontations, demonstrations and negotiations followed and became
international news. Eventually, the restrictions were lifted with some
limitations - a victory that paved the way for later protests supporting
women's' rights and environmentalism and opposing the Vietnam War.
Who are these counter-demonstrators?
Many were simply Trump critics who felt a need to respond.
But officials have expressed concerns about a more militant, so-called
"black bloc" of demonstrators.
The self-described anarchists or anti-fascists have left school and law
enforcement officials struggling to cope with their tactics.
The term "black bloc" was used to describe the tight wedges of black-clad
protesters in helmets and masks who appeared in street demonstrations in
Germany in the 1970s, confounding efforts to single out, identify and
prosecute individuals.
In February, UC Berkeley officials criticized what they described as a
paramilitary force armed with bats, steel rods, fireworks and Molotov
cocktails. They set a fire on campus and prevented Yiannopoulos from
speaking.
"They didn't come to lock arms and sing 'Kumbaya,'" said Dan Mogulof,
assistant vice chancellor and spokesman for UC Berkeley, said at the time.
"They came to [mess stuff] up," he said, using stronger language.
The Times interviewed some of these people earlier this year.
They hailed their actions as a big success.
"It wasn't just people dressed in black who were acting militantly and
everyone else is peace-loving Berkeley hippies," said Yvette Felarca, a
political organizer of By Any Means Necessary, an immigration and
affirmative action coalition that seeks to build a mass militant movement.
"Everyone cheered when those barricades were dismantled. ... Everyone was
there with us in political agreement of the necessity of shutting it down,
whatever it was going to take. It shows we have the power."
What happened on Saturday?
Fistfights broke out near Martin Luther King Jr. Civic Center Park, where
Trump supporters had scheduled a rally. Fireworks and smoke bombs were
thrown into the crowd, and a few demonstrators were doused with pepper
spray.
Both groups threw rocks and sticks at each other and used a large trash bin
as a battering ram as the crowd moved around the perimeter of the park. One
bank boarded up its ATMs before the rally as a precaution.
About 250 police officers were deployed to the scene by mid-afternoon after
officials sought assistance from the neighboring Oakland Police Department.
Twenty-one people were arrested, including some on suspicion of assault with
a deadly weapon, according to Officer Byron White of the Berkeley Police
Department. Eleven people were injured with at least six taken to a hospital
for treatment, including one stabbing victim.
Police confiscated knives, stun guns and poles, White said.
So what's next?
Another conservative figure, author Ann Coulter, is expected to speak at
U.C. Berkeley later this month. And more protests are expected.
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