[badgerstatevolunteers] Re: Rehump Debate
- From: xcopdaddy@xxxxxxxxxxxx
- To: badgerstatevolunteers@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
- Date: Fri, 11 Mar 2011 09:30:01 -0600
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Yeah
I'm confused can we get a background on this discussion?
All i need to know is nuke= baddddd
On Thu, 10 Mar 2011 16:53:40 -0600 lomax <chac2ook@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>OK, what did I miss? Are we under a nuclear threat or just trying
>to figure
>out if we want to take it to the face or take it to the ass?
>
>On Thu, Mar 10, 2011 at 4:39 PM, kevin Joyner
><joynerkev@xxxxxxxxx> wrote:
>
>> The Average nuke in the U.S. arsenal is 1 megaton. However
>there are also
>> Nukes up to 57 megatons in the arsenal as well which were
>developed during
>> the cold war.
>> The largest nuke ever exploded, Tsar Bomba, was by Russia and
>was designed
>> as a 100 megaton nuke but exploded as a 56 megaton nuke because
>it was to
>> heavy to move as a 100 megaton.
>>
>> Now on to the cut and paste:
>>
>> *Effects of a Nuclear Explosion *Damage caused by nuclear
>explosions can
>> vary greatly, depending on the weapon’s yield (measured in
>kilotons or
>> megatons), the type of nuclear fuel used, the design of the
>device, whether
>> it’s exploded in the air or at earth’s surface, the geography
>surrounding
>> the target, whether it’s winter or summer, hazy or clear, night
>or day,
>> windy or calm. Whatever the factors, though, the explosion will
>release
>> several distinct forms of energy. One form is the explosive
>blast. Other
>> forms are direct nuclear radiation and thermal radiation. And
>then there’s
>> radioactive fallout — not exactly energy released by the
>explosion, but
>> still a destructive result.
>>
>> *Explosive Blast*
>> Much of the damage inflicted by a nuclear explosion is the
>result of its
>> shock wave. There are two components to a blast’s shock wave.
>First, there’s
>> the wall of pressure that expands outward from the explosion. It
>is this
>> pressure, measured in psi (pounds per square inch), that blows
>away the
>> walls from buildings. A typical two-story house subjected to 5
>psi would
>> feel the force of 180 tons on the side facing the blast.
>(Download the
>> Quicktime movie entitled house to see an example of a building
>subjected to
>> this type of pressure.) Additionally, the blast creates a 160
>mile-an-hour
>> wind. And that’s only at 5 psi. The wind speed following a 20
>psi blast
>> would be 500 mph!
>>
>> *Direct Nuclear Radiation*
>> A nuclear detonation creates several forms of nuclear, or
>ionizing,
>> radiation. The nuclear fission (atom splitting) and nuclear
>fusion (atom
>> combining) that occur to produce the explosion release, either
>directly or
>> indirectly, neutrons, gamma rays, beta particles, and alpha
>particles.
>> Neutrons are heavy particles that are released from atoms’
>nuclei. These
>> tiny “missiles” can easily penetrate solid objects. Another
>penetrating form
>> of radiation is gamma rays, which are energetic photons. Both of
>these types
>> of radiation can be deadly. Beta and alpha particles are less
>dangerous,
>> having ranges of several meters and several centimeters,
>respectively. Alpha
>> particles can cause harm only if they are ingested.
>>
>> *Thermal Radiation*
>> You don’t have to be close to ground zero to view the bright
>flash created
>> by the exploding bomb. The flash from a bomb has been viewed
>from hundreds
>> of miles away. In addition to being intensely bright, this
>radiation is
>> intensely hot (hence the name “thermal”). If you’re seven miles
>away from a
>> one megaton explosion, the heat emanating from the fireball will
>cause a
>> first-degree burn (equivalent to a bad sunburn ) to any exposed
>skin facing
>> the light. If you’re six miles away, it will cause second-degree
>burns. And
>> if you’re five miles away, the thermal radiation will cause
>third-degree
>> burns — a much more serious injury that would require prompt
>medical
>> attention.
>>
>> The intense heat would also ignite a “mass fire” — i.e., a fire
>that could
>> cause large areas to simultaneously burst into flames.
>>
>> *Fallout*
>> You’ve seen the image: a mushroom cloud created by a nuclear
>explosion.
>> Produced with a detonation at or near the earth’s surface, this
>type of
>> explosion results in far-ranging radioactive fallout. Earth and
>debris —
>> made radioactive by the nuclear explosion — rises up, forming
>the mushroom
>> cloud’s stem. Much of this material falls directly back down
>close to ground
>> zero within several minutes after the explosion, but some
>travels high into
>> the atmosphere. This material will be dispersed over the earth
>during the
>> following hours, days, months. In fact, some of the particles
>rising up
>> through the mushroom will enter the stratosphere, where they
>could remain
>> for tens of years.
>>
>> Obviously, if a thermonuclear bomb exploded close to your home,
>you’d have
>> little hope of surviving the blast. But what if one exploded 5
>miles away,
>> or 20 miles away? And what about radioactive fallout?
>>
>> Learn about a nuclear weapon’s “zones of destruction” — choose
>between a
>> relatively small detonation at earth’s surface, which will
>produce
>> substantial fallout, and an especially destructive large
>detonation at high
>> altitude.
>>
>> *1 Megaton Surface Blast: Pressure Damage*
>> The fission bomb detonated over Hiroshima had an explosive blast
>equivalent
>> to 12,500 tons of TNT. A 1 megaton hydrogen bomb, hypothetically
>detonated
>> on the earth’s surface, has about 80 times the blast power of
>that 1945
>> explosion.
>>
>> Radius of destructive circle: 1.7 miles
>> 12 pounds per square inch
>>
>> At the center lies a crater 200 feet deep and 1000 feet in
>diameter. The
>> rim of this crater is 1,000 feet wide and is composed of highly
>radioactive
>> soil and debris. Nothing recognizable remains within about 3,200
>feet (0.6
>> miles) from the center, except, perhaps, the remains of some
>buildings’
>> foundations. At 1.7 miles, only some of the strongest buildings
>— those made
>> of reinforced, poured concrete — are still standing. Ninety-
>eight percent of
>> the population in this area are dead.
>>
>> Radius: 2.7 miles
>> 5 psi
>>
>> Virtually everything is destroyed between the 12 and 5 psi
>rings. The walls
>> of typical multi-story buildings, including apartment buildings,
>have been
>> completely blown out. The bare, structural skeletons of more and
>more
>> buildings rise above the debris as you approach the 5 psi ring.
>> Single-family residences within this this area have been
>completely blown
>> away — only their foundations remain. Fifty percent of the
>population
>> between the 12 and 5 psi rings are dead. Forty percent are
>injured.
>>
>> Radius: 4.7 miles
>> 2 psi
>>
>> Any single-family residences that have not been completely
>destroyed are
>> heavily damaged. The windows of office buildings have been blown
>away, as
>> have some of their walls. The contents of these buildings’ upper
>floors,
>> including the people who were working there, are scattered on
>the street. A
>> substantial amount of debris clutters the entire area. Five
>percent of the
>> population between the 5 and 2 psi rings are dead. Forty-five
>percent are
>> injured.
>>
>> Radius: 7.4 miles
>> 1 psi
>>
>> Residences are moderately damaged. Commercial buildings have
>sustained
>> minimal damage. Twenty-five percent of the population between
>the 2 and 1
>> psi rings have been injured, mainly by flying glass and debris.
>Many others
>> have been injured from thermal radiation — the heat generated by
>the blast.
>> The remaining seventy-five percent are unhurt.
>> *1 Megaton Surface Blast: Fallout*
>> One of the effects of nuclear weapons detonated on or near the
>earth’s
>> surface is the resulting radioactive fallout. Immediately after
>the
>> detonation, a great deal of earth and debris, made radioactive
>by the blast,
>> is carried high into the atmosphere, forming a mushroom cloud.
>The material
>> drifts downwind and gradually falls back to earth, contaminating
>thousands
>> of square miles. This page describes the fallout pattern over a
>seven-day
>> period.
>>
>> Assumptions
>> Wind speed: 15 mph
>> Wind direction: due east
>> Time frame: 7 days
>>
>> 3,000 Rem*
>> Distance: 30 miles
>> Much more than a lethal dose of radiation. Death can occur
>within hours of
>> exposure. About 10 years will need to pass before levels of
>radioactivity in
>> this area drop low enough to be considered safe, by U.S.
>peacetime
>> standards.
>>
>> 900 Rem
>> Distance: 90 miles
>> A lethal dose of radiation. Death occurs from two to fourteen
>days.
>>
>> 300 Rem
>> Distance: 160 miles
>> Causes extensive internal damage, including harm to nerve cells
>and the
>> cells that line the digestive tract, and results in a loss of
>white blood
>> cells. Temporary hair loss is another result.
>>
>> 90 Rem
>> Distance: 250 miles
>> Causes a temporary decrease in white blood cells, although there
>are no
>> immediate harmful effects. Two to three years will need to pass
>before
>> radioactivity levels in this area drop low enough to be
>considered safe, by
>> U.S. peacetime standards.
>>
>> *Rem: Stands for “roentgen equivalent man.” This is a
>measurement used to
>> quantify the amount of radiation that will produce certain
>biological
>> effects.
>>
>> *
>> 25 Megaton Air Blast: Pressure Damage*
>> Radius of destructive circle: 6.5 miles
>> 12 pounds per square inch
>>
>> The remains of some buildings’ foundations are visible. Some of
>the
>> strongest buildings — those made of reinforced, poured concrete
>— are still
>> standing. Ninety-eight percent of the population within this
>area are dead.
>>
>> Radius: 10.7 miles
>> 5 psi
>>
>> Virtually everything is destroyed between the 12 and 5 psi
>rings. The walls
>> of typical multi-story buildings, including apartment buildings,
>are
>> completely blown out. As you move from the center toward the 5
>psi ring
>> there are more structural skeletons of buildings standing.
>Single-family
>> residences within this this area have been completely blown away
>— only
>> their foundations remain. Fifty percent of the population
>between the 12 and
>> 5 psi rings are dead. Forty percent are injured.
>>
>> Radius: 20 miles
>> 2 psi
>>
>> Any single-family residences that are not completely destroyed
>are heavily
>> damaged. The windows of office buildings have been blown away,
>as have some
>> of their walls. The contents of these buildings’ upper floors,
>including the
>> people who were working there, are scattered on the street. A
>substantial
>> amount of debris clutters the entire area. Five percent of the
>population
>> between the 5 and 2 psi rings are dead. Forty-five percent are
>injured.
>>
>> Radius: 30.4 miles
>> 1 psi
>>
>> Residences are moderately damaged. Commercial buildings have
>sustained
>> minimal damage. Twenty-five percent of the population between
>the 2 and 1
>> psi rings are injured, mainly by flying glass and debris. Many
>others have
>> been injured from thermal radiation — the heat generated by the
>blast. The
>> remaining seventy-five percent are unhurt.
>>
>> NOTE: This information has been drawn mainly from “The Effects
>of Nuclear
>> War” (Washington: Office of Technology Assessment, Congress of
>the United
>> States)
>>
>>
>> On Thu, Mar 10, 2011 at 3:57 PM, Joe SPIKE
><virtualadonis@xxxxxxxxxxx>wrote:
>>
>>> The first nuclear bomb Little Boy was dropped on Hiroshima
>Japan August
>>> 6, 1945 at 08:15:17. That fission bomb bombarded a uranium
>235/92U atom with
>>> a neutron 1/0n –> giving 141/56 Ba + 92/36K + 31/0n.The
>explosive power was
>>> equal to 13,500 tons of TNT. The temperature of the fireball
>was estimated
>>> to have been a million degrees. The shock wave traveled at the
>speed of
>>> sound, 11,000 feet per second, causing the temperature 3/4 of a
>mile away to
>>> reach 5,400 degrees Fahrenheit; continuing to travel out a
>distance of one
>>> mile destroying all non reinforced buildings. An estimated
>70,000
>>> casualties in the initial explosion and another 30,000 died
>because of
>>> radiation and injuries. I am not certain the type of radiation
>emitted (1/0n
>>> a nuetron) but the casualties where low.
>>>
>>> Today's hydrogen bombs combine two hydrogen 2/1H +2/1H atoms to
>form —>
>>> 4/2He bomb which emits a low penetrating (can be stopped by
>clothing and
>>> distance) alpha particle which is a nucleus of a Helium 4/2He
>atom minus its
>>> electrons. The loss of two electrons gives the He ion a +2
>charge. The
>>> helium ion is to large to penetrate more that a 1/4 inch below
>skin and can
>>> be shielded by clothing and distance. However once ingested
>into the body
>>> through breathing or eating this highly charged particle will
>cause major
>>> damage including DNA re-sequencing. The energy of a hydrogen
>bomb is
>>> 500,000,000 tons of TNT causing a one mile wide crater, a three
>mile wide
>>> fireball,a ten mile high one hundred mile wide radioactive
>cloud of alpha
>>> particles will follow the wind, with sever to moderate
>explosive damage out
>>> 7 miles and light damage out 10 miles. Ultimately 150 sq. miles
>of damage.
>>> Again alpha radiation can be shielded with clothing and a wet
>cloth or gas
>>> mask over the face. Provided one is not in the 7 mile
>circumference blast
>>> zone and follows proper radiation protocol the survival rate is
>good.
>>>
>>> A fission explosion is used to start the fusion bomb so both
>bombs give
>>> off gamma and x-rays during the initial explosion but the range
>of his is
>>> limited to maybe 3 miles which explains the burns sustained by
>victims.
>>>
>>> References:
>>>
>>> Movie: Rain of Ruin
>>>
>>> http://library.thinkquest.org/C005271F/atohyd.html
>>>
>>> http://www.encyclomedia.com/hydrogen_bomb.html
>>>
>>
>>
>>
>> --
>> --
>> Kevin J
>> ====================
>> “Far Better it is to Dare Mighty Things than to take rank with
>those poor,
>> timid spirits Who know Neither Victory nor Defeat.”
>> Theodore Roosevelt
>>
>> "I was not delivered unto this world in defeat,
>> nor does failure course in my veins. I am not a
>> sheep waiting to be prodded by my shepherd. I
>> am a lion and I refuse to talk, to walk, to sleep
>> with the sheep. I will hear not those who weep
>> and complain, for their disease is contagious. Let
>> them join the sheep. The slaughterhouse of failure
>> is not my destiny.
>>
>>
>>
>
>
>--
>**
>*freeman lomax*
>*www.1revolutionnow.com*
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