Hi Martin, It's interesting that "comprises" means "includes but is not limited to" in the context of patents as I think in general use it means the same as "consists of". Blog post on "comprise, compose and consist" if you're interested and you may well have much better things to do on a Friday afternoon. http://www.elizabethmolin.com/?page_id=13 Regards, Petra Petra Liverani Technical Writer / UX Designer petra_liverani@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:petra_liverani@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx> Transport Management Centre Transport NSW 25 Garden St, Eveleigh NSW 2015 | PO Box 1625, Strawberry Hills NSW 2012 P: 8396 1617 | F: 8396 7950 | X: 81617 ________________________________ From: austechwriter-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:austechwriter-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx] On Behalf Of Martin Puchert Sent: Friday, 16 March 2012 2:30 PM To: austechwriter@xxxxxxxxxxxxx Subject: atw: Re: Usage survey: the expression "consists of" Hi Geoffrey This issue comes up regularly in patent drafting. I realise patents are a specialised context, but I thought you might be interested anyway. In that context, "consisting of A and B" means only A and B and nothing else. On the other hand, "comprising A and B" is used in patents to mean "including, but not limited to, A and B". Cheers, Martin Martin Puchert From: Geoffrey Marnell <geoffrey@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:geoffrey@xxxxxxxxxxxxxx>> Organization: Abelard Consulting Pty Ltd Reply-To: <austechwriter@xxxxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:austechwriter@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>> Date: Fri, 16 Mar 2012 14:17:17 +1100 To: <austechwriter@xxxxxxxxxxxxx<mailto:austechwriter@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>> Subject: atw: Usage survey: the expression "consists of" Hi austechies Can I get your feedback on how you interpret the expression "consists of" or "consisted of". In the following example: "Drug therapy consisted of 0.25 mg of digoxin per day and 40 mg of propranolol twice a day." do you read that as saying that the entire therapy included just digoxin and propranolol and nothing else? Or do you read it as saying that the therapy included digoxin and propranolol and possibly something else? Don't worry about what might or might not be correct (whatever that means). The issue is how you interpret "consisted of": as giving the full set of items or a sub-set of items. Cheers Geoffrey Marnell Principal Consultant Abelard Consulting Pty Ltd P: 03 9596 3456 M: 0419 574 668 F: 03 9596 3625 W: www.abelard.com.au<http://www.abelard.com.au/> Before printing, please consider the environment IMPORTANT NOTICE: This e-mail and any attachment to it are intended only to be read or used by the named addressee. It is confidential and may contain legally privileged information. No confidentiality or privilege is waived or lost by any mistaken transmission to you. Roads and Maritime Services (RMS) is not responsible for any unauthorised alterations to this e-mail or attachment to it. Views expressed in this message are those of the individual sender, and are not necessarily the views of RMS. If you receive this e-mail in error, please immediately delete it from your system and notify the sender. You must not disclose, copy or use any part of this e-mail if you are not the intended recipient.