"My main concern is how accessible these devices will be, especially for those of us who cannot see a display screen." The USB device described in the Guardian article is a non-talking device, it has an LCD display which is used to display what is an apparantly random string but is in fact able to be recognised by the server as coming from a valid source. The code changes approximately every minute although some slippage is allowed but this is enough to make it difficult for fraudsters because getting any data from the one transaction would not let you crack the second.. This is an attempt to to introduce more than multiple factors into the authentication process. Log in details or pin number that represent a first factor in a security system are only secure as the user who doesn't reveal them intentionally to another party or where they are exposed by some technical means (like a key logger) to another party. The USB device provides a second factor in the authenticaion process as something they should only have which is tied into their account or log in details. A third factor would be something such as some form of biometrics could be used to further secure a system. I would be surprised if only on cost grounds that a bank sent out card readers to its customers. In time sure this would create a further vector through which fraudulent activity can enter the system. We already know that for some reason which the You and Yours of this world have failed to uncover why it is that petrol station machines can be so easily compromised. Unless you can make those things truely tamper proof it is a security risk waiting to happen. Regards. Tristram Llewellyn Sight and Sound Technology Technical Support www.sightandsound.co.uk ** To leave the list, click on the immediately-following link:- ** [mailto:access-uk-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx?subject=unsubscribe] ** If this link doesn't work then send a message to: ** access-uk-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx ** and in the Subject line type ** unsubscribe ** For other list commands such as vacation mode, click on the ** immediately-following link:- ** [mailto:access-uk-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx?subject=faq] ** or send a message, to ** access-uk-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with the Subject:- faq