I would like to clarify something - a matter of what "dominant" implies. In threads discussing losses, we speak of skin effect "dominating" over dielectric losses (or vice-versa). To me, this gives the impression that the "dominant" loss (be it skin effect or dielectric for the frequency of interest) is the only one to consider - that the "minor" loss (or whatever the opposite of dominant is) is orders of magnitude less, and can perhaps be neglected. I don't believe that's the case. For instance, I put together a simple simulation to demonstrate the losses in a typical stackup. In this simple simulation, at 6 GHz, the skin effect by itself lowers the signal amplitude by 20%, and the dielectric loss by itself lowers it by ~28%. The total loss, with both effects, is 40% (at 6GHz). By the way, for this simulation, the losses became equal at about 2.5GHz. My question is, am I the only one who construes the term "dominates" to imply that the other term is insignificant? Do others understand "dominant" to mean that it is merely greater than the other term (which is more in-line with Webster)? I would lean towards speaking of one loss factor being greater, equal to, or less than the other, but not "dominant". I personally would reserve "dominant" for cases where the other factor can be considered negligible. But perhaps I was mislead somewhere along my academic path... Maybe picking at nits, but don't want misperceptions about what factors can be neglected. Jeff Loyer ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu