Chris: Loose versus tight coupling: The obtainable degree of coupling for edge-coupled traces is very limited; however, the tighter the better. Both source coupling and victim coupling is reduced by closer spacing of the traces, as is radiated emissions. The use of loosely coupled traces makes life easier for the layout designer, but is NOT technically better from the design margin standpoint. Losses: Because the degree of coupling is not major (i.e., typically 15%) for "closely" coupled traces, the bulk of the current still flows in adjacent reference planes and the added losses are minor. In some cases, one might prefer the added high frequency (i.e., harmonics) attenuation to soften the edges. I use tightly coupled trace pairs within the limits of the vendor's manufacturing process to the maximum extent practical. Mike Michael L. Conn Owner/Principal Consultant Mikon Consulting (408)727-5697 *** Serving Your Needs with technical Excellence *** ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu