Hi, The problem is that a true analysis of the real limit is quite complicated. Besides EM and Gate oxide overstress you also have to worry about the noise injected into the part power supplies and how it might interfere with the timing of the interface. You need to look at the current for each pad and also consider the EM current as it sums at the VDD and VSS power pads that feed the IO clamp rail. Depending on the part power and ground ratio this can easily be the limited factor. The other interesting thing to consider with this type have high frequency overshoot (<3ns pulse) is that the package impedance limits the clamp current. I have tried to create a set of equations and guidelines for this in the past and even with some pretty generous simplifications (averaging the overshoot current across the pulse, etc) things get a bit ugly pretty fast. Unfortunately I have never had the chance to get empiracle data to back up the calculations. I suspect that the 3ns pulse guideline is just based on some simple diode current curves and EM limit averaging. Though it is definitely better than a just having the DC 0.3v limit ;) Matt ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu