[SI-LIST] Re: Routing guidelines for 3.12Gbps LVDS pairs

  • From: "Peterson, James F (EHCOE)" <james.f.peterson@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
  • To: <si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
  • Date: Tue, 20 Oct 2009 09:04:45 -0400

One comment on length matching at 100 mils : a lot of times the board
we're looking at is only one section of the interface. There is often
two more boards involved (a backplane and endpoint). When we say 100
mils matched lengths, are we saying total matched length or at each
board (so total could be 300 mils in that case)? The thread below says
"matched at the receiver", which implies total, so the 100 mils should
be budgeted through 3 boards.

Regards,
Jim Peterson
Honeywell

-----Original Message-----
From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx [mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]
On Behalf Of steve weir
Sent: Tuesday, October 20, 2009 1:13 AM
To: icer world
Cc: Lee Ritchey; Paul Hurst; si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx; chundi srikanth;
Lambert Simonovich
Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Routing guidelines for 3.12Gbps LVDS pairs

1) Matching much closer than 1/4 Tr/Tf offers little value by itself.  
100mils translates to about 16ps skew.  That corresponds to a 64ns Tr/Tf

for a 3.125G link which is a little to the outside, but it is not 
horrible.  I would rephrase Lee's advice as:  Don't take any 
extraordinary measures to match closer than 1/4 Tr/Tf as seen at the 
receiver.  The longer the link, the slower Tr/Tf will be.  There is a 
good treatment on this in Eric Bogatin's "Signal Integrity Simplified".

If you get very tight matching truly for free, then fine.  But obsessing

about mechanical match to tight tolerances does not improve the design.

It can in fact harm it if the matching is done with dense serpentines 
which introduce their own dispersion and timing skew that is not 
properly accounted in some tools. 

2) Continuous return path is very important.  Diff tolerates obscenities

like crossing moats, but at undesirable costs.  The best answer is don't

interrupt the return path.

3) Surface ground guards are more often unintended resonators than of 
specific value.  See if the cross-talk can be satisfied with spacing.  
If it can't, then consider alternatives.

4) I am not clear on what you are trying to recommend.  Are you talking 
about termination at both ends of the link, or even and odd mode 
terminations?

5) An appropriate stitch density helps with EMC and signal integrity.  
Follow Bruce Archambeault's hierarchy on layer assignments and your life

will be good:
i. Route on one layer that faces a contiguous plane.
ii. Switch between layers on either side of the same contiguous plane.
iii. Switch between layers that reference planes on the same DC 
potential that are adequately stitched together.  This is often 
misunderstood as needing to assign a return stitch via near each 
transition.  The point is to raise the resonant frequency of the 
structure sufficiently so that it won't be a problem to the signal. 
iv. If you must switch between layers that are stitched with bypass caps

and planar capacitance.  Be wary of PDN resonances in the signal 
frequency range.  These will tend to occur at much lower frequency than 
cavity resonances.

Steve.

icer world wrote:
> 1) length matching must be consided  seriously and mismatch should be
below 100mils;
> 2) generally speaking,the differential pairs impedance must keep
100ohm and   the ground return path must not be choped ;
> 3) the ground guarding trace should keep two times of differential
trace width away from the differantial pairs,which can not influences
the       differential pairs impedance and avoid crosstalk issues;
> 4) using serial and parallel matching resistors simultaneously   for
debug ;
> 5) changing layers is not expected,but if necessary ,you should place
a groung via near the signal via ;
> the above is just an advice ,and you'd better do a simulatiom to
decide the rules of matching resistors and crosstalk;
>
>
>
> ________________________________
> From: Lee Ritchey <leeritchey@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
> To: Paul Hurst <paul@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>; si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
> Cc: chundi srikanth <chundis@xxxxxxxxx>; Lambert Simonovich
<bertsimonovich@xxxxxxxxxx>
> Sent: Mon, October 19, 2009 11:46:36 PM
> Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Routing guidelines for 3.12Gbps LVDS pairs
>
> Length matching does not need to be tighter than 100 mils.
>
> It is not necessary to back drill vias used to connect component pins
to
> traces or to change layers.  The 0.6 pF or so capacitance does not
> adversely affect the signals at this data rate.
>
> It is not necessary to put "ground" vias next to routing vias as long
as
> the PDS is well designed."
>
> "Guard"  traces have no value.  Proper spacing to avoid crosstalk
does. 
> The "rule of thumb" for spacing given, while crude, is not far off.
>
> Lee Ritchey
>
>
>   
>> [Original Message]
>> From: Paul Hurst <paul@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> To: <si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx>
>> Cc: chundi srikanth <chundis@xxxxxxxxx>; Lambert Simonovich
>>     
> <bertsimonovich@xxxxxxxxxx>
>   
>> Date: 10/18/2009 5:45:08 PM
>> Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Routing guidelines for 3.12Gbps LVDS pairs
>>
>> Srikanth,
>>
>> Additional to Bert's comments:-
>>
>> 1) Match the lengths of the pairs exactly
>> 2) Use a solid ground return
>> 3) Avoid stubs by design or by using stub-drilling
>> 4) If you have vias in the path use a small drill and a large
anti-pad and
>> place a ground via next to each signal via
>>
>> Regards
>>
>> Paul
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]
>>     
> On
>   
>> Behalf Of Lambert Simonovich
>> Sent: 16 October 2009 21:57
>> To: 'chundi srikanth'; si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
>> Subject: [SI-LIST] Re: Routing guidelines for 3.12Gbps LVDS pairs
>>
>>
>> Srikanth,
>>
>> A rough rule of thumb is greater than 3 times trace width separation
>>     
> between
>   
>> pairs. Using a 2D field solver will ultimately give you the crosstalk
>> coupling factor for the exact geometry in your stackup, and dictate
the
>> routing rules you need to follow to satisfy your noise budget. 
>>
>> Adding GND guarding will more often than not present more issues than
it
>> solves. You should stitch these guard traces at regular intervals
>> approximately 1/10 of the wavelength of the highest frequency
component of
>> the aggressor signal to avoid it from resonating and coupling noise
back
>> onto other adjacent traces. This further reduces routing density of
the
>> board. By the time you factor in the additional space of one trace
width
>> between the guard trace and Diff pair, plus the additional via
stitching,
>> you will find you are already at 3 times separation between pairs and
you
>> would gain back more real estate.
>>
>> Regards,
>>
>> Bert Simonovich
>>
>>
>>
>>     
>>
>> -----Original Message-----
>> From: si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
[mailto:si-list-bounce@xxxxxxxxxxxxx]
>>     
> On
>   
>> Behalf Of chundi srikanth
>> Sent: October-16-09 12:40 PM
>> To: si-list@xxxxxxxxxxxxx
>> Subject: [SI-LIST] Routing guidelines for 3.12Gbps LVDS pairs
>>
>> Hi Techies,
>> We have a 12-layer board in which we have lot of differential LVDS
pairs
>> operating at several hundreds MHz. And we have SERDES signals
>>     
> (differential
>   
>> TX & RX pairs) operating at CPRI rate-4 i.e., 3Gbps. So can you just
share
>> me some inputs on exactly what are the guidelines to be followed
while
>> routing these signals. And is GND gaurding between the differential
pairs
>> improve the SI?Please share or refer me any documents in which i can
get
>> Good information on High-Speed design guidelines.
>>
>> Thanks
>>
>> With Best Regards
>> Srikanth
>>
>>
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