si_monkey2: In case you misinterpreted my comments agreeing with Dr. Ed Sayre's missile, they were not directed at you specifically. My frustration with overly basic questions submitted to the SI List extends over more than a year, perhaps two or more. I associate the questions that imply the lack of even a basic effort to research a problem (on the part of the asker) to those individuals who appear to want to pick the brains of those who have spent the time to understand the complex world of SI. These efforts include the study of electromagnetics, material properties, environmental affects, and transmission line theory, just to name a few. These (askers) are the same individuals who sign up for a 4-6 hour tutorial seminar within a company and within the first hour ask a very specific question, get a specific answer, and then leave the tutorial, never to return. Instead, they should be investing their time in understanding the reasons a particular solution works. This behavior (in my experience) applies to approximately 12% of those interested in the SI field. There have been multiple kind responses to your inquiries that offered reference recommendations. Those recommendations alone have probably saved you many hours of searching/research on your own. I wish you luck in the pursuit of answers. Mike Michael L. Conn Owner/Principal Consultant Mikon Consulting *** Serving Your Needs with Technical Excellence *** ------------------------------------------------------------------ To unsubscribe from si-list: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'unsubscribe' in the Subject field or to administer your membership from a web page, go to: //www.freelists.org/webpage/si-list For help: si-list-request@xxxxxxxxxxxxx with 'help' in the Subject field List FAQ wiki page is located at: http://si-list.org/wiki/wiki.pl?Si-List_FAQ List technical documents are available at: http://www.si-list.org List archives are viewable at: //www.freelists.org/archives/si-list or at our remote archives: http://groups.yahoo.com/group/si-list/messages Old (prior to June 6, 2001) list archives are viewable at: http://www.qsl.net/wb6tpu